Eppp Psychopharm & Physio

Front 1

List of Neurotransmitters
(5)

Back 1

Acetylcholine
Catecholamines (DA, NE, 5-HT)
GABA
Glutamate
Endorphins

Front 2

Function of ACh

Back 2

NT involved in REM sleep
regulation of sleep-wake cycle & memory
*Alzheimer's = low

Front 3

Function of Catechcholamines

Back 3

personality, mood, memory, and sleep

Front 4

Function of Serotonin
*high and low D/O

Back 4

Inhibitory effect, hunger, mood, temp. regulation, sexual act., arousal, sleep, aggression,& migraine headache
*high = schizophrenia & autism
*low = depression, suicide, PTSD, OCD, and aggression

Front 5

Function of GABA

Back 5

NT that is inhibitory linked to eating, sleep, seizure, & anxiety D/O
*Huntington's disease motor functions

Front 6

Function of Glutamate

Back 6

NT that is excitatory, role in memory and learning, specifically long-term potentiation (LTM)
*excessive activity = seizure, stroke-related brain damage, Huntington's, Alzheimers, etc.

Front 7

Function of Endorphins

Back 7

inhibitory, pain relief, pleasurable experiences that control of emotions, memory and learning, and sexual bx

Front 8

5 main stages of brain development

Back 8

Proliferation: embryo about 2 1/2 weeks old
Migration: neurons move 8 weeks
Differentiation: axons & dendrites develop
Myelination: glial cells insulating sheath (postnatal)
Synaptogenesis: formation of synapses

Front 9

PNS

Back 9

nerves that relay messages btw CNS and organs, muscles, & glands

Front 10

Somatic nervous system

Back 10

sensory nerves that carry info from senses to CNS
*voluntary

Front 11

autonomic nervous system

Back 11

system responsible for viseral functions (heart rate, blood press, respiration, digestion, sweating)

Front 12

parasympathetic branch

Back 12

conservation of energy & relaxation, slow heart rate, low blood press, contract pupils, reduce sweat, increase digestive system

Front 13

sympathetic branch

Back 13

fight or flight: increase heart rate, pupil dilation, increase blood sugar, inhib digestion

Front 14

function of cerebellum
*damage results in*

Back 14

balance, posture, coordinated motor movements, sensorimotor functioning, aspects of cognitive functioning,
DAMAGE = Ataxia-slurred speech, severe tremors, loss of balance

Front 15

reticular activating system

Back 15

consiousness, arousal, and wakefulness
DAMAGE = sleep-wake cycle, coma-like state of sleep

Front 16

thalamus

Back 16

relay station--transmits sensory info to cortex; motor activity, language, & memory
*Korsakoff syndrome

Front 17

Hypothalamus

Back 17

part of brain resp. for hunger, thirst, sex, sleep, body temp, movement, and emotional reactions
*uncontrollable laughter, intense rage, and aggression

Front 18

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Back 18

in the hypothalamus and mediates sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms
*Seasonal Affective D/O

Front 19

basal ganglia

Back 19

part of the brain involved in planning, organizing, & coordinating voluntary mvmt; stereotyped mvmts (smiling)
*Huntington's, Parkinson's, Tourette's, mania, depression, OCD, and psychosis

Front 20

Limbic system

Back 20

Part of brain that mediates emotion
(Amygdala & Hippocampus)

Front 21

Amygdala

Back 21

integrates, coordinates, and directs motivational & emotional activities, attaches emotions to memories, recall of emotional experiences

Front 22

Hippocampus--functions

Back 22

part of brain for learning and memory; processing spatial, visual, and verbal information,

Front 23

Frontal Lobe

Back 23

motor, premotor, and prefrontal
control of voluntary mvmts (fingers, lips, jaw)

Front 24

Broca's area

Back 24

speech production
Damage: expressive aphasia- difficulties in producing spoken and written language

Front 25

prefrontal cortext
function & damage

Back 25

emotion, memory, self-awareness
Damage= personality change-- pseudodepression & pseudopsychopathology; cognitive problems inc. abstract thinking, planning, decision making, perseveration, & order

Front 26

Parietal Lobe

Back 26

sensory motor cortex, pressure, temp, pain, proprioception, & gustation
*apraxia, tactile agnosia, anosognosia

Front 27

Temporal Lobe

Back 27

auditory cortex, auditory sensation & perception
*auditory agnosia, auditory hallucinations, Wernickes's--language comprehension & production

Front 28

Occipital Lobe

Back 28

visual cortex- visual perception, recognition, & memory
*visual agnosia-inability to recognize familiar objects; prosopagnosia-inability to rec. familiar faces

Front 29

Temporal Lobe:
Learning & Memory

Back 29

encoding, storage, & retrieval of LT declarative memories
*removal of right lobe = deficits in nonverbal memory tasks
left = verbal memory

Front 30

Hippocampus:
Learning & Memory

Back 30

consolidation of LT declarative memories (not storage), spatial memory
*chronic stress due to depression, poverty, or other may impair memory as a result of the effects of cortisol and other stress hormonones on the area

Front 31

Amygdala:
Learning & Memory

Back 31

conditioning, learning reward & punishments, adding emotion to memories
*recall of trauma (PTSD)

Front 32

Prefrontal Cortex:
Learning & Memory

Back 32

short-term memory (esp. working memory), episodic memory, and prospective memory

Front 33

Thalamus:
Learning & Memory
*damage results*

Back 33

processing information and transfering to neocortex
*memory loss, anterograde & retrograde amnesia, and confabulation (Korsakoff's)

Front 34

Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, and Motor Cortex:
Learning & Memory

Back 34

3 parts of the brain that control procedural memory and implict (unconscious) memory

Front 35

Amygdala: perception & expression of emotions, response to dangerous
situations
Hypothalamus: translate emotion to physical response
Cerebral Cortex: left = positive emotions; right = negative

Back 35

Areas of the Brain that regulate emotion