Eppp Parts & Functions Of Brain

Front 1

Functions of the medulla; result of damage

Back 1

Flow of information between brain and spinal cord

Coordinates swallow, cough, sneeze

Regulates breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure

Damage is often fatal

Front 2

Functions of the cerebellum; result of damage

Back 2

Balance, posture, sensorimotor learning, attention shifting

Small cerebellum linked to autism

Damage can produce ataxia (slurred speech, tremor, loss of balance)

Hint 2

Sara Bellum is a southern belle who is always poised and balanced. She is adept at learning new motor skills but her attention shifts often.

Front 3

Function of pons

Back 3

Connects the halves of the cerebellum and helps integrate movements in right and left side of body.

Front 4

Reticular formation functions

Back 4

Respiration, cough, vomit, posture, locomotion, REM sleep

Front 5

Reticular Activating System functions

Back 5

Part of reticular formation

Consciousness, arousal, wakefulness

Screens sensory input especially during sleep and arouses executive parts of brain when warranted

Damage disrupts sleep and can produce permanent coma.

Front 6

Thalamus functions

Back 6

Relay station transmitting all sensory information except smell to appropriate areas of the cortex; also motor activity, language, memory

Korsakoff Syndrome results from damage and involves both amnesias and confabulation

Front 7

Hypothalamus functions

Back 7

Hunger, thirst, sex, sleep, body temperature, movement, emotional reactions

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (circadian rhythm or biorhythm)is here and damage to it can cause SAD

Damage can cause intense laughter or rage

Front 8

Basal ganglia functions

Back 8

planning, organizing, coordinating voluntary movement; regulating amplitude and direction of motor actions; sensorimotor learning; physical expressions of emotion such as smiling

Damage can result in Huntington's, Parkinson's, and Tourette's, mania, depression, OCD, psychosis

Front 9

Limbic system

Back 9

Contains amygdala and hippocampus

Primarily mediates emotions

Front 10

Amygdala

Back 10

attaches emotions to memories, recall of emotionally-charged experiences; directs motivational and emotional activities; receives olfactory signals

Front 11

Hippocampus

Back 11

Processes spatial, visual, and verbal infromation and consolidates declarative memories (converts short-term to long-term).

Damage resultes in both amnesias

Front 12

Frontal Lobe

Back 12

Motor, Premotor, Prefrontal areas

Control of voluntary movements, Broca's area (speech production), emotion, memory, self-awareness, executive functions.

Front 13

Parietal Lobe

Back 13

Contains somatosensory cortex

Pressure, temperature, pain, proprioception, gustation

Damage disturbes spatial orientation, apraxia (skilled motor movement problem), somatosensory agnosia (tactile agnosia, asomatognosia, and anosognosia)

Lesion to right parietal lob: contralateral neglect

Lesion to left parietal lobe: ideational apraxia (can't carry out sequence of actions) ideomotor apraxia (can't obey simple motor command), and Gerstmann syndrome (finger agnosia, right-left confusion, agraphia, acalculia)

Front 14

Temporal Lobe

Back 14

Contains auditory cortex, Wernicke's area

Auditory sensation/perception; long-term declaratice memories

Damage causes auditory agnosia, auditory hallucinations, Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia; both amnesias.

Front 15

Occipital Lobe

Back 15

Contains visual cortex

Damage results in visual agnosia, visual hallucinations, cortical blindness

Left side damage: simultanagnosia (can't see >1 thing at a time)

Lesion at junction of occipital, temporal, and parietal lobes produces prosopagnosia (can't recognize familiar faces)