Eppp Neuropsychology

Front 1

The frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes are all part of the _.

Back 1

Cerebral Cortex (lobes)

Front 2

The frontal lobe controls our primary _

Back 2

primary MOTOR lobe and controls movement.

Front 3

In the frontal lobe, neurons are arranged according to _

Back 3

the MUSCLES they control
( _ is arranged in the _ lobe according to the muscles they control)

Front 4

The Broca's Area is located in the (L/R) _ lobe.

Back 4

The FRONTAL lobe, usually the LEFT side.

Front 5

This allows speech production and damage = expressive aphasia.

Back 5

What is the BROCA's area.

Front 6

The _cortex controls complex behaviors (emo', mem, self-awareness, exec func).

Back 6

Prefrontal cortex

Front 7

Damage to the prefrontal cortext can cause _, marked by _.

Back 7

~PSEUDOdepression~

marked by:
apathy, lethargy, low intrsts and low emo' reactions (like low sex drive, mem, attn)


OR
~PseudoPSYCHOPATHY~

Front 8

Pseudopsychopathy = a change in _(3 things).

Back 8

Mood, bhvr, cog

Front 9

Hypofrontality = _ in the prefrontal cortex.

Back 9

Low METABOLISM in the prefrontal cortex.

Front 10

Hypofrontality is linked to _ (3 Dx).

Back 10

All 3 linked to _ : Schizophrenia, ADHD, and Normal age-related cog declines.

Front 11

The parietal lobes main function is that of _.

Back 11

Sensory Motor (what lobe?)

Front 12

The parietal lobe governs _ (5 processes).

Back 12

_ lobe governs: cutaneous stuff (pressure, temp, pain), proprioception, and gustation.

Front 13

The main function of the PARIETAL lobe (SENSORY MOTOR) is located in the _.

Back 13

Postcentral gyrus
(is located in what lobe and what does it control?)

Front 14

Damage to the postcentral gyrus can = _ (4 fancy names).
ASAP

Back 14

All can be from damage to the _:
apraxia (ataxia),
somatosensory agnosia,
anosognosia,
poor spacial orientation.

Front 15

Apraxia (ataxia) = _

Back 15

Can't do skilled movements.
(call a taxi, cause I got ataxia and appear drunk).

Front 16

Somatosensory agnosia is when you...

Back 16

...can't recognize certain somatosensory stuff, such as TASTE, TOUCH, SMELL, etc.

Front 17

Anosognosia is when you...

Back 17

...can't see your deficits (or lack of awareness regarding your illness).
FYI - common (-) Sx in schzo

Front 18

R-side damage to parietal lobe is usually marked by a...

Back 18

...lack of awareness and concern about the L-side.
(think: Republicans ;-).

Front 19

L-side damage of the parietal lobe can = _ (3 things).

Back 19

Ideational Apraxia - sequence
Ideomotor Apraxia - simple, requested.
Gerstmann Syn - R vs L

Front 20

Gerstmann Syndrome is...

Back 20

...L vs. R confusion, agnosia, etc.
(think: undecided votes, LOL!)

Front 21

Temporal lobe, AKA: _

Back 21

AKA: "AUDITORY cortex"!

Front 22

Damage to the temporal lobe can = _ (3 Sx).

Back 22

Auditory Agnosia
Auditory Hallucinations
other perceptual disturbances

Front 23

Wernike's is usually found in the (L/R) _ lobe.

Back 23

Left TEMPORAL lobe.

Front 24

Wernicke's is marked by...

Back 24

...a difficulty in language COMPREHENTION
(FYI: L-side can damage can also = problems in language production).

Front 25

In re: memory

Some areas of the TEMPORAL lobe mediate _ (3 processes) of _

Back 25

This lobe often mediates

encoding, retrieval, and storage
of
LT - DECLARATIVE memories

Front 26

The OCCIPITAL cortex; AKA

Back 26

AKA the VISUAL cortex

Front 27

Damage to the occipital cortex can = _ (3 things).

Back 27

Visual Agnosia
Visual Hallucinations
and blindness

(all from damage to the _ lobe)

Front 28

This is when you can't see more than one thing at a time.

Back 28

What is

~simultanagnosia~

(b/c damage to the L/R _ lobe)

Front 29

Damage of the occipital lobe "at the junction" causes _
where you can't _

Back 29

~Prosopagnosia~

-can't recognize familiar faces-

Front 30

Centralateral Representation is controls _ and is caused by _

Back 30

controls L and R communication

from severing the
Corpus Collosum
(fibers that bind the 2 halves of the brain).

Front 31

L-side of brain controls:

Back 31

~Language and Analytical~
turns lttrs into words;
lang sounds; verbal mem;
speech, reading, arithmetic;
and (+) emo'

(_ controls)

Front 32

R-side of brain controls:

Back 32

~Spacial and Creative~
face recognition and complex geometric shapes;
music and non-lang sounds;
nonverbal mem and (-) emo'

(_ controls)

Front 33

What side of the brain is most dominant?

Back 33

LEFT side!

Front 34

_ technique's make it possible to study both the STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of the living brain.

Back 34

NEUROIMAGING technique's
(study _)

Front 35

CT stands for _

Back 35

Computer Tomography

Front 36

CAT stands for _

and uses _

Back 36

Computer Axial Tomography

It uses X-RAY

Front 37

MRI stands for _

and uses _

Back 37

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

It uses magnetic fields.

Front 38

What are the advantages of an MRI over a CT or CAT?

(3 things)

Back 38

1. Several angles

2. Details

3. 3D pictures

Front 39

MRI, CT, and CAT can be used to Dx _ (3 things).

Back 39

Tumors
Blood Clots
Multiple Sclerosis

Front 40

PET stands for _.

It measures _.

Hint: Pet the ROM

Back 40

POSITRON Emission Tomography

oxygen,
metabolism,
regonal cerebral blood flow

Front 41

SPECT stands for _.

Back 41

Single PROTON Emission Computer Tomography

Front 42

fMRI stands for _.

Back 42

FUNCTIONAL- Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Front 43

What seperates PET, SPECT, and fMRI

from that of a

MRI, CT, and/or CAT ?

Back 43

PET, SPECT, and fMRI all measure NEURO ACTIVITY!!!

The others (MRI, CT, and CAT)measure STRUCTURE only.

Front 44

PET, SPECT, and fMRI can be used to Dx _ (4 things).

Back 44

Dementia and Altz
Schizo
Cerebrovascular disease

(What can be used to Dx these - 3 things)

Front 45

Color perception is _ linked on _ chrom.

Back 45

Sex linked
X chrom

Front 46

What are the 2 color perception theories?

Back 46

Trichromatic theory

and

Opponent-Process theory

Front 47

Trichromatic
(Young/Helmholz)

The 3 color receptors are _

Back 47

Color Receptors:

red
blue
green

(what and who's theory?)

Front 48

Opponent-process theory
(Herings)

states...

*Also, this is evidenced by _?
**And found in the _ (what brain part?)

Back 48

3 DISTINCT sight receptors:

red-green
yellow-blue
white-black

*evidenced by after-images.
**Thalamus

(who's thoery?)

Front 49

What are your
CUTANEOUS
senses?

Back 49

warmth
touch/pain
pressure

Front 50

In regard to CUTANEOUS senses, receptors gather together in the _ and enter the spine via _.

Back 50

NERVES

DORSAL ROOTS

(in regard to what senses?)

Front 51

What is a dermatone?

Back 51

This is a body area "hooked" to a particular dorsal root.

From Wiki:
A dermatome is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve.
(There are eight cervical nerves, twelve thoracic nerves, five lumbar nerves and five sacral nerves. Each of these nerves relays sensation (including pain) from a particular region of skin to the brain.)

Front 52

In re: sensation and perception

Adjacent dermatones overlap so that...

(why?)

Back 52

...damage is lessoned, although not lost completely.

(How? In re: dermatones/cutaneous senses)

Front 53

This theory states that the nervous system can only process a limited amount of sensory info at once.

Spinal cells act as a "_" that block incoming signals.

(who's theory?)

Back 53

GATE-CONTROL theory

"gate"

(Melzack)

Front 54

How does Melzack's
Gate Theory
help to explain the effectiveness of message or applying heat/cold, or using mental distractions to relieve pain?

Back 54

All these things can help close the gate!

(in re: Gate Theory and pain relief)

Front 55

1. What is Synesthesia?

2. What is it's cause?

Back 55

1. This is a joining of senses.
(it's a rare condition where one sensory modality triggers another modality, like "hearing a color or tasting a shape").

2. The cause is unknown, but there are 3 theories:
a. Limbic System's jacked up?
b. Cross-wiring?
c. Neuronal connection's off?

Front 56

What the hell are Psychophysics?

Back 56

The relationship btwn
physical stimulus magnitudes
and corresponding
psych sensations.

(Think: Dr. Heller's lab)

Front 57

-re: psychophysics-

This is the min necessay to produce a sensation.

Back 57

What is an
ABSOLUTE threshold?

Front 58

-in re: psychophysics-

This is the smallest increment to produce a discrepancy in sensations.

Back 58

What is a
DIFFERENCE threshold?

Front 59

Weber's Law states:

Back 59

_ Law states:

The more intense a stimulus,
the greater the intensity that's required to also produce
a CHANGE in PERCEPTION.

Front 60

_ Law states:

Physical stimulus changes are logarithmically related to their psychological sensations.

(Experience of intensity increases as the stimulus increases, geometrically)

(Think: Go Fetch the logic!)

Back 60

Fechner's Law

Front 61

*The Steven's Power Law states:

(Think: there is a method to Steven's maddness!)

Back 61

The _ Law states:

That there is a "method of magnitude estimation".

(ex: if increase a light's instensity-brightness-by 2x, then ppl don't notice it much; however, if you were to increase a shocks intensity - pain- by 2x, ppl rate this as more than doubled!)

Front 62

Amnesia is when:

No new _ memory ( _ or _ ),
but _ memory and _ memory OK.

Back 62

This is when:

No new LT MEM,
Explicit or Declarative,
but Implicit and Procedural OK

Front 63

Encoding uses the

L/R _ cortex.

Back 63

L Cerebral Cortex

(is used for what process?)

Front 64

Retrieval uses the

L/R _ cortex

Back 64

R cerebral cortex,
esp the R FRONTAL.

(is used for what process?)

Front 65

HERA

stands for _.

Back 65

Hemispheric Encoding / Retrieval Asymmetry.

Front 66

In re: Memory,

The TEMPORAL lobe
_ (3 processes) of _ memory.

Back 66

Encoding, storage, and retrieval
of
LT-DECLARATIVE memories

~L= nonverbal; R=verbal~

(What lobe performs these processes?)

Front 67

In re: memory

The Hippocampus _ (does what?),
but does NOT _.

Back 67

TRANSFERS ST-LT memories,
but it does not STORE those memories!

(What part of the brain?)

Think: Big fat banks that will gladly transfer your money, but they don't store it, they spend it on bad mortgages, then we bail them out!

Front 68

In what way does the Hippocampus have to do with:

1.) Spacial memory - (what does this do?)

2.) Explicit memory - (what does this do?)

Back 68

The Hippocampus:

1.) _ memory - it's a bank for the placements of objects.

2.) _ memory - it's a bank for conscious recollection.

Front 69

Stress and CORTISOL greatly effects this brain area that is important in the process of memory!!!

Back 69

The HIPPOCAMPUS

(Is greatly effected by _?)

Think: The banks stress on the economy.

Front 70

The _ (brain part, not asking B or W area)is located in the
medial-temporal
(middle of the temporal)
area of the brain.

Back 70

AMYGDALA

(Is located precisely where?)

It is the almond-shaped nuclei at the end of the "headphones"

Front 71

The _ gives
EMOTIONAL significance
to memories.

(involved in fear-conditioning, operant-conditioning, trauma, PTSD, etc)

Back 71

The AMYGDALA

(provides _ significance to what?)

Front 72

The _ cortex is involved in ST mem, esp WM.

It can be both Episodic and/or Prospective!

Think: what area effects ADHD Sx and how ADHD's have trouble w/ these types of mem)

Back 72

The PREFRONTAL cortex

(Is involved in _ mem, esp _.
This can be both an _ and/or a _ type of memory function).

Front 73

The _ is perched on top of the brain stem in the
diencephalon
(btwn mid- and fore-brain).

Think: brain stem is a tree for the _ bird.

Back 73

The THALAMUS

(Is located where precisely?)

Front 74

The Basil Ganglia stores _ (a specific kind of) memories;

both _ and _.

Think: Freud and Hunters (Huntington's) love to eat basal!

Back 74

UNCONSCIOUS memories

Procedural and Implicit.

(What stores this?)

Hint: Freud and Hunter's love to eat this; it also looks like your headphones.

Front 75

ST memory is associated with
neuro_ changes at existing synapses;

While LT mem is associated w
a _ change of existing synapses along w/ an _.

Back 75

neuroCHEMICAL change at existing synapses.
(what kind of mem assoc. w this?)

STRUCTURAL change along w/ an INCREASE in # !!!
(what's assoc w/ this?)

Front 76

This is when...

The high RESPONSIVITY of a postsynaptic neuron to low INTENSITY STIMULATION by a presynaptic neuron for hrs/days/wks/etc. after the presynpatic neuron was barraged by high FREQUENCY STIMULATION, leading to LT memory!

Back 76

Long-Term Potentiation

(Is from what lengthy process? And what does it lead to?)

Front 77

What mediates LT MEMORY?
(3 things)

1. LT _
2. _ synthesis
3. _ gene

Back 77

1. LT Potentiation

2. Protein Synthesis

3. ApoE4 gene

(Are all involved in what?)

Front 78

LT Potentiation is found in
the _, _, and _.
(3 specific parts of the brain).

Back 78

Hippocampus
Amygdala
Cortex

(What mechanism occurs in all 3 of these places?)

Front 79

What does LT potentiation change STRUCTURALLY in the brain?

(3 changes)

Back 79

1. SHAPE of dendrites

2. NEW synaptic connections.

3. INCREASES # of gluatamate receptors.

(What process does these?)

Front 80

LT memory depends on the enhancement of _ during the minutes-to-hours following learning.

Back 80

Protein Synthesis

(When is this needed and for what purpose?)

Front 81

This gene is linked to Altz, increasing it's risk!

Back 81

ApoE4

(increases the risk of what disease?)

Front 82

These genes DECREASE the risk of Altz?

Back 82

ApoE2 and ApoE3

(In what condition are they linked to and in what way?)

Front 83

6 universal emotions:

f a h d s s

Think: 3 and 3

Back 83

fear, surprise, disgust

happiness, sadness, and anger

Front 84

The theory that our emo' are only perceptions of bodily reactions.

A. James-Lang,
B. Cannon-Bard, or
C. Schachter's 2 factor?

*what research supports this?

Back 84

A. James-Lange

*Research: supports - paraplegics

Front 85

What theory states that emotions and our reactions to stimuli occur simultaneously?

A. James-Lang,
B. Cannon-Bard, or
C. Schachter's 2 factor?

*what the research says...

Back 85

B. Cannon-Bard

*Research: body reactions are similar for varied emotions.

Front 86

What theory states that we can both experience emo' as a part of a bodily reaction (James-Lange)
AND
can experience emo' and reactions to stimuli simultaneously (Cannon-Bard)?

*Research supporting this?

Back 86

Schachter's 2 Factor theory

Research: epinephrine study!

Front 87

What brain parts regulate
("HAC" into)
emotion?

Back 87

Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Cerebral cortex

Front 88

In re: Emo'

The Amygdala

(determines what?)

Back 88

The EMOTIONAL IMPORTANCE

(is determined by what brain part?)

It answers questions like, "Is this dangerous?" or "Am I in love?

Front 89

In re: Emo'

The Hypothalamus

(does what?)

Back 89

TRANSLATES emo' into PHYSICAL responses!

It also allows us to FOCUS -with the aid of the ANS and the Pituitary Gland.

(What brain part does this?)

Front 90

Damage to the L/R Cerebral cortex can = feelings of indifference or inappropriate jokes.

Back 90

RIGHT cerebral cortex damage

(can = feelings of _ or _).

Think: what happens when Right-wings slip?

Front 91

Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome
(GAS)

states:
1. _ (the 3 steps "ARE a GAS" :-)

2. If stressed; then _ sick? B/c of chronic _ (Which causes low _ and_).

3. Type A assoc w/ _?

Back 91

1. Ppl respond to stress relatively the SAME: Alarm - Resistance - Exhaustion.

2. TWICE likely to get sick under stress b/c chronin, high CORTISOL = low Lymphocytes and T cells.

3. Type A assoc w/ increase HEALTH problems, esp HEART attacks in men.

Front 92

What influences the development of sex organs, and later behavior?

Back 92

Hormones

Front 93

The pituitary gland releases _ hormones (sex hormones).

Back 93

Gonadotropic!

(What glad releases these?)

Front 94

In the ovaries _ and _ are produced.

In the Testes, _, _, and _ are produced.

Back 94

Estrogen and Progesterone

Androgens: Testosterone, and Androstedione.

Front 95

1. Sex hormones are activating stuff in the _ to _ old fetus?

2. This includes: subsequent development due to _ exposure in middle-third tri.

Back 95

1. 6 to 8 weeks:

2. ANDROGEN

Front 96

For the male genitalia, fetus must be stimulated by _ during the critical period:

Back 96

ANDROGEN; middle-third tri

Front 97

If female fetus exposed to _ during critical period, then _

Back 97

ANDROGEN; "TomBoyish" bhvr

*w/o homosexuality!

Front 98

Puberty is marked by _ and activation of the _ system?

Back 98

2ndary Sex characteristics

Reproductive

Front 99

Puberty is stimulated by the _ (brain), which in turn stimulates the _ gland.

Back 99

Hypothalamus --> Pituitary gland

Front 100

In puberty, _ stimulates sperm in the testies and ovulation in the ovaries.

Back 100

GONADAL hormones

Front 101

M/F not as affected by hormone levels, but this hormone is more effective in restoring arousal and orgasm?

Back 101

Woman; Androgen

Front 102

Viagra works directly on _, not _!

Back 102

Penis Tissue, not hormones!

Front 103

Sexual Dimorphism is...

Back 103

...differences in appearance due to one's sex.

(what is?)

Front 104

Is the brain sexually dimorphic?

Back 104

YUP!

(What's sexually dimorphic?)

Front 105

Sleep:

_ = Alert!
_ = Awake, rested, relaxed
_ = Relaxation
_ = Deep sleep

Back 105

Beta (for Bet your ass I'm awake!)

Alpha (alpha females are always on guard, but cool...)

Theta (Thinking in _ state).

Delta (is for Dead tired).

Front 106

Stages of Sleep and WAVES
1. _
2. _, then bursts of _ and _
3. _ appears
4. _ dominates, increased _
5. _, AKA "_" sleep b/c _?

Back 106

1. Theta

2. Theta; spindles and K-complexes bursts!

3. Delta appears

4. Delta dominates; muscle activity! (sleep walk, nite terror)

5. REM= "paradoxical" sleep b/c WAVES like 1 and 2, yet you're deeply relaxed!

Front 107

Broca's controls:

expressive or receptive?
motor or cognitive?
fluent or non-fluent?

Back 107

Expressive
Motor
Non-fluent

(Wrnke or Brca's area?)

Front 108

Broca's is located in the L/R _ lobe?

Back 108

L Frontal

(is Wrnke or Brca's area there?)

Front 109

Damage to _ can result in Anomia.

Back 109

Broca's

~and aware of problem -->dep~

(This is caused by damage to what area?)

Front 110

Trouble w/ repetition can be an indication of damage to _ area?

Back 110

Broca's

(One indication is trouble w/ _?)

Front 111

Wernike's controls

Expressive or Receptive?
Sensory or Motor?
Fluent or Non-fluent?

Back 111

Receptive
Sensory
Fluent

Front 112

Wernike's in located in the L/R _.

Back 112

L Temporal

Front 113

Damage to Wernike's can = _

(but also problems w/ _ and _)

Back 113

Paraphasia

(repetition and anomia)

(from damage to _ area?)

Front 114

CONDUCTION refers to...
(If a conductor were to orchestrate)

Back 114

...the connection between Wernike's and Broca's alone.

(what is this called?)

Front 115

In re: Broca's and Wernike's

Conduction effects (2 things), but not (1 thing).

Back 115

Anomia and Repetition

but NOT comprehension!

Front 116

In re: Broca's and Wernike's

Transcortical is the...

Back 116

...probelms between Broca/Wernike and
OTHER AREAS of the brain!

(What's this called?)

Front 117

You are...

If both Wernike's and Broca's are isolated, then _ (it's called):

Where you...(3 things)

Back 117

...then you're fucked.

Mixed Transcortical Aphasia!

1. When you CAN TALK, but ya ain't got nuthen to say!

2. You can repeat, but you don't understand!

3. And you annoy ppl w/ autonomic responses, such as humming familiar Brittany Spears tunes. Or maybe "The Wheels on the Bus" or something.

Front 118

Open- and Closed-head injuries are both categorized as _.

Back 118

Cerebral Trauma.

(includes what 2 things?)

Front 119

In closed head injuries, _ is common due to the "coup-countercoup" likelihood.

Back 119

Coma

(common in open-/closed-head?)

Front 120

_ is characterized by "shrinking retrograde amnesia" where REMOTE memories return first.

Back 120

Post-Trauma Amnesia (PTA)

(is characterized by "shrinking _ amnesia" where _ memories return first?)

Front 121

Post-concussional Syndrome is characterized by... (bunch of stuff)

Occurs in _% w/ mild TBI.

Back 121

...dizziness, headache, nausea, blurred vision, drowsiness, etc.

(These may be Sx of _.)

Front 122

With a PTA (post Trauma Amnesia) from a closed-head injury, the greatest amount of recovery occurs within _.

And after that, within the _.

Recovery is best among _ functions, but not so much w/ _ (2 other) functions.

Back 122

First 3 mo;
First Year

*Cognitive = better;
**Social and Personality = less recovery.

(Referring to what kind of Amnesia?)

Front 123

Cerebral Stroke
(3 causes?)

Hint: THE causes are?

Back 123

Thrombosis (blood blocked artery).

Embolism (material blocked artery).

Hemorrhage (brain bleed)

(These can all cause a _)

Front 124

The Sx of a cerebral stroke depend on...(2 things)

Back 124

Location

and

Severity!

(These influence Sx of a _)

Front 125

Homonymous Hemianopia is...

Back 125

Visual field loss!

(What's a long name for this?)

Front 126

If stroke in L-hemisphere,
then _ and _.

If R-hemisphere,
then _ and _ apraxia.

(Bhvrl stuff, not asking emo' changes)

Back 126

Aphasia & Apraxia
(If stroke on L/R hemisphere?)

Neglect & DRESSING aphasia
(If stroke on L/R hemisphere?)

Front 127

Name 2 disorders of movement.

Back 127

Huntington's and Parkinson's
(Are disorders of _ )

Front 128

Huntington's

1. Is inherited from a _ gene.

2. Dx usually btwn age _and_.

3. Eventual _.

Back 128

1. Single-DOMINANT gene
*offspring = 50% likely!

2. Age 30 - 50

3. Dementia

(What disease is this describing?)

Front 129

Parkinson's

1. Is from low _.

2. (+) Sx's = _ (2); (--) = _ (2)

3. Tx that helps is...

Back 129

1. Low Dopamine (assoc)

2. Tremor & akathisia (+);
Mask-like, bradykinesis (--)

3. Inject L-Dopa into Basil Ganglia cells for Tx.

(What disease is this describing?)

Front 130

Seizures are divided into two main categories:

Back 130

General (tonic-clonic; absence)
and
Partial (simple, complex, location)

Front 131

Another name for this "general" seizure called TONIC-CLONIC.

It's characterized by muscle CONTRACTION, then SHAKING - depression and confusion.

Back 131

AKA Grand-mal

(another name; what Sx characterize it?).

Hint: sounds like a grand drink!

Front 132

Another name for this "general" seizure called ABSENCE.

It's characterized by NO MOTOR Sx, just a blank stare and eye-blinking.

Back 132

AKA Petite-mal

(another name; what Sx characterizes it?)

Think: petite ppl should avoid.

Front 133

A General Seizure:

(symmetrical or asymmetrical)

Back 133

...is SYMMETRICAL, no focal onset!

(What category of seizures?)

Front 134

Name the General Seizures.

Back 134

Tonic-clonic (Grand-mal)
and
Absence (Petite-mal)

(What types of seizures are these?)

Front 135

Partial Seizures:

are symmetrical or asymmetrical?

Back 135

...are ASYMMETRICAL

(What category of seizures?)

Think: of course they are asymmetrical cause only part of the brain is affected!

Front 136

Name the Partial Seizures:

Back 136

Simple
Complex

Front 137

This Partial Seizure is characterized by NO loss of consciousness.

Back 137

Simple

(What type of seizure?)

Front 138

This Partial Seizure is characterized by at least SOME alteration in consciousness.

Back 138

Complex

(What type of seizure?)

Front 139

These seizure's Sx depend on it's LOCATION.

Back 139

Partial

(Sx depend on what?)

Front 140

A simple partial seizure will often be a precursor to a larger seizure such as a complex partial seizure, or a tonic-clonic seizure. When this is the case, the simple partial seizure is usually called an _.

Back 140

AURA

(What constitutes the name of this seizure?)

PS: taken from Wikipedia, Dec 2010

Front 141

What type of seizure is most common in

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy?

Back 141

PARTIAL

(Is the most common seizure in what disorder?)

Front 142

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy :

Sx include...(3 things).

Back 142

Lip smacking

Hallucinations

Emo' changes

Front 143

Multiple Sclerosis is from...

(It's a disease of the _; a _ response where it...)

Back 143

...the degeneration of Myelin Sheath. A disease of the nervous system.

It's an auto-immune response where it attacks it's own myelin.

Front 144

MS can be triggered by:

(3 things)

Back 144

Genetics
Viral infections
Environmental factors!

(All triggers for what disease?)

Front 145

MS is more common in _, with onset btwn the ages of _.

Back 145

Women

20-40

Front 146

There are several types of MS, but the most common type (nearly 80%) is _.

Back 146

Relapse-Remitting

(What is this referring to?)

Front 147

Lhermittes Sign refers to _ and is characterized by _

Back 147

MS

An electric sensation running down the back of one's legs.

(What is this Sx called?)

Front 148

What is a psycho-physiological disorder?

Back 148

A physical disorder/problem where the physical Sx are CAUSED, MAINTAINED, or WORSENED, by psychological stuff.

( This is a _ disorder)

Front 149

Hyperventilation:

Occurs after a drop in _, causing respiratory _ and cerebral _.

Back 149

drop Carbon Dioxide

respiratory Alkalosis
and
Cerebral hypoxia (low oxygen)

(What is this?)

Front 150

Name two types of Hypertension:

1. _: %? Dx when _.
2. _: is related to a _.

Back 150

1. Primary
- most common (80-90%);
- Dx when one has high blood pressure for NO KNOWN CAUSE!
(AKA Essential Hypertension)

2. Secondary
-related to a KNOWN Disease.

(What are these?)

Front 151

Hypertension is more common in _?

Back 151

Men and African Americans

(What's a problem that's more common for men and AA?)

Front 152

Hypertension, Hyperventilation, Fibro, Migraine Headaches, and PMS are all considered _ disorders.

Back 152

Psycho-physiological disorders!

(Can you name 5?)

Front 153

Fibro is more common in _ and usually Dx in _.

Back 153

Women
Middle-age

Front 154

Migraine Headaches are linked to _ (low or high) levels of _.

Back 154

LOW Serotonin!

Front 155

In re: Migraine Headaches:

a. _% get Aura first.
b. Tx w/ _?

Back 155

In re: Migraine Headaches:

a. 12%
b. Anti-inflammatory drug (Tx)

Front 156

A CLUSTER headache can last from _ to _.

Back 156

1 day to 3-4 months!

(What kind of migraine headache?)

Front 157

A TENSION headache:

1. is usually non-_.
2. often caused by _.

Back 157

1. NON-throbbing
2. DILATION of blood vessels

(What kind of migraine headache?)

Front 158

A SINUS headache is characterized by _.

Back 158

Pressure/pain over the NOSE and EYES.

(What kind of migraine headache?)

Front 159

In PMS, Sx include aspects that are both _ and _; in fact, _ is common!

Back 159

emotional and physical Sx

food cravings too!

(What is?)

Front 160

1. PMS is related to _ hormones.

2. _% experience some form of PMS, whereas _% meet full criteria!

Back 160

1. Ovarian

2. 75%; 20-50%

Front 161

In re: PMS

_% = Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Back 161

3-5 % PMS

(Meet criteria for _ Dx?)

Front 162

What Tx's shown effective for PMS:

(3 Tx)

Back 162

Placebos

also Cog-bhvrl and SSRI's

(effective Tx for what?)

Front 163

The Endocrine System consist of _ that produce _, that in turn activate either _ or _.

Back 163

GLANDS that produce HORMONES that in turn activate either

ENZYMES or NEUROTRANSMITTERS.

(What system does this?)

Front 164

3 main parts of the Endocrine System are:

Back 164

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Pancreas

(These make up what bodily system?)

Front 165

The Pituitary Gland is AKA the _.

It secretes 2 hormones, which are...

1. _ --> To the Kidneys
2. _ --> To the Muscles/Bone

Back 165

The MASTER gland (AKA)

1. Antidiuretic --> _ (organ?)
2. Somatograph --> _
(hint: can cause dwarfism or giantism.

(What bodily system to these belong to and what organs/body parts do they effect?)

Front 166

ACROMEGDALY is a disorder of the _ System.

It is characterized by _ body parts.

Back 166

Endocrine System

ENLARGED hands, feet, and facial features.

(Name a disorder of this system)

Front 167

The THYROID gland:

a. Releases _, regulating GENERAL METABOLISM.

b. Hyperthyroid is AKA _

c. Hypothyroid can cause _.

Back 167

a. THYROXINE, which regulates _

b. (AKA) Graves Disease

c. Depression, weight gain, etc

(What are GLAD controls these conditions and what are the names of these conditions?)

Front 168

The PANCREAS:

a. Releases _, causing _.

b. Hypoglycemia is from a _ pancreas.

c. Diabetes Mellitus is from a _ pancreas.

Back 168

a. Releases INSULIN, causing a reuptake of GLUCOSE and AMINO ACIDS.

b. _ is when the _ is HYPERactive.

c. _ is when it's HYPOactive.

Front 169

DIABETES MELLITUS, from a hypoactive Pancreas, displays Sx such as:

a. Decreased/increased appetite with weight gain/loss?

b. Mental _.

Back 169

(What disease is this?)

a. INCREASED appetite with weight LOSS!

b. Mental DULLNESS.

Front 170

***

What NT is associated with Depression and Mania in abnormal amounts?

Is it too much or too little or both?

Back 170

5HT

Too LITTLE
(can cause both Depression or Mania)

Front 171

What NT is associated w/ Autism in abnormal amounts?

Back 171

5HT

Front 172

OCD can be from too _ of this NT?

Back 172

Too LITTLE

5HT

(Also, reduces Norep')

Front 173

Too _ of this NT can be involved in Autism

Back 173

Too MUCH

5HT

Front 174

What NT especially mediates Seizure activity?

Back 174

GABA

(too little)

Front 175

Tourette's can be from too _ of this NT?

Back 175

Too MUCH Dop!

(and Schizo' too)

Front 176

Too _ of this NT can be related to Depression, Parkinson's, and ADHD?

Back 176

Too LITTLE Dop!

Front 177

Parkinson's is associated with too _ of this NT?

Back 177

Too LITTLE Dop!

Front 178

Too much of this is related to Sx of Mania and/or schizo'

but too little is associated with depression and OCD!?

Back 178

Norep'

Front 179

PET scans are when you inject _ shit into your head and they can measure these 3 things:

Back 179

Radioactive shit

blood flow
glucose metabolism
oxygen

Front 180

The advantage of a SPECT over a PET is that it is _ and _, but the downfall is that it _ than the SPECT?

Back 180

SPECT = Easier and Cost effective!

But, less detail

(You get what you PET for, hehe)

Front 181

fMRI's measure (1) _?

Back 181

Metabolic Activity

(MRI - magnetic fields)

Front 182

CT uses _ to measure these 4 things:

Back 182

X-RAY

Blood clots,
Tumors,
Mltp Sclerosis,
Alzheimer's

Front 183

DysPROSody means...

Back 183

Disturbance in stress, pitch, or rhythm of speech.

Front 184

Chorea

Back 184

rapid and jerky movements of the trunk, limbs, etc. assoc w/ Huntington's.

Front 185

Bradykinesia is...

Back 185

Slowness of movement!

Front 186

Athetosis is...

Back 186

Slow writhing movements

(Parkinson's)

Front 187

Anosognosia

Back 187

Don't recognize your own neurological Sx!

Front 188

Prosopagnosia

Back 188

Don't recognize familiar faces!

Front 189

Mask-like

hand tremor

Increased rigidity

Reduced voluntary movements

(What is this???)

Back 189

Parkinsonism

Front 190

The HINDBRAIN consists of these 2 structures:

Back 190

Medulla
(vital functions)

Cerebellum
(voluntary: balance and posture)
also proprioception, but i thought that was the parietal lobe?