Eppp Lifespan Development

Front 1

Critical Periods

Back 1

-specific periods of time in which development is particularly responsive to certain influences

Front 2

Sensitive Periods

Back 2

-more flexible and not as closely tied to chronological age or maturational stage

Front 3

FAS

Back 3

-low birth weight
-physical defects
-MR
-hyperactivity
-poor impulse control

Front 4

Cocaine exposure during prenatal development

Back 4

-premature birth
-low birth weight
-physical defects
-brain seizures
-irritability in infants
-later learning disabilities and peer problems

Front 5

Six high-risk factors identified by Rutter for psychopathology

Back 5

1. low SES
2. marital discord
3. large family size and crowding
4. maternal psychiatric disorder
5. paternal criminality
6. placement in foster care

Front 6

Brofenbrenner's Ecological Model

Back 6

1. Microsystem
2. Mesosystem (school, neighborhood, peer groups)
3. Exosystem (parent's workplace, local government, etc)
4. Macrosystem (dominant beliefs)

Front 7

This part of the brain is least developed at birth

Back 7

cerebral cortex

Front 8

What are increases in brain size following birth due to?

Back 8

neuron size, dendritic branching and myelinization

Front 9

Reflexes in Newborns

Back 9

-rooting (head turns in response to stroking of the cheek)
-Babinski (toes fan out and curl in response to foot stroking)
-Moro ("embracing" motion in response to loud noise or sense of being dropped)

Front 10

Early physical maturation has more positive consequences for _____ than for _____.

Back 10

boys
girls

Front 11

Piaget

Back 11

1. Sensorimotor(birth to 2) - object perm. and symbolic thought
2. Preoperational(2 to 7) - ego centrism, centration
3. Concrete Operational(7 to 12) - conservation, reversibility
4. Formal Operations(12 to adult) - abstract thought, deductive thinking

Hint 11

"Open sesamie" Erik cried, crawling rapidly at David.

Front 12

As adults age, _______ memory is affected but there is little or no age related change in ________ memory (memory span).

Back 12

working
primary

Front 13

______ long-term memory shows substantial declines in aging adults, but _______ long-term memory is less affected.

Back 13

recent
remote

Front 14

LAD (Language Acquistion Development) proposed by Chomsky suggests:

Back 14

an innate LAD enables children to understand and speak in rule-governed ways once they have acquired sufficient vocabulary

Hint 14

rule-governed

Front 15

Phoneme

Back 15

smallest unit of sound understood as part of language

Front 16

Morpheme

Back 16

smallest unit of sound that conveys meaning

Front 17

Babbling

Back 17

-initially includes sounds from all languages but narrows to child's native language at 9-14 months

Front 18

Overextension

Back 18

apply a word to a wider collection of objects than is appropriate

Hint 18

(ex: calling all four legged animals: dogs)

Front 19

Minority language children in good-quality bilingual programs have _______ outcomes than peers in immersion programs.

Back 19

similar

Front 20

Thomas and Chess' goodness-of-fit model

Back 20

maladjustment in children is due to the lack of "fit" between the child's basic temperment and his or her parent's behavior

Front 21

_______ ________ in infancy seems to be the most predictive of characteristics in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood.

Back 21

Behavioral inhibition (or approach/withdrawal)

Front 22

Freud's Stages of Development

Back 22

Oral (0-1)
Anal (1-3)
Phallic (3-6)
Latency (7-11)
Genital (12-18)

Hint 22

O
A
P
L
G

Front 23

Erikson's Stages of Development

Back 23

Trust vs Mistrust (0-1)
Autonomny vs Shame/Doubt (1-3)
Initiative vs Guilt (3-6)
Industry vs Inferiority (7-11)
Identity vs Identity Confusion (12-18)
Intimacy vs Isolation (Yng. Adult)
Gererativity vs Stagnation (Adult)
Ego Integrity vs Despair (Eld. Adult)

Hint 23

T
A
I
I
I
I
G
E

Front 24

Baumrind's Parenting Styles

Back 24

Authoritative - high in warmth and demandingness, children are assertive, self-confident, socially resp...

Authoritarian - low in warmth, high in demandingness, children are irritable, aggressive, dependent, have low levels of self-esteem...

Permissive - high in warmth, low in demandingness, children are impulsive, self-centered, easily frustrated...

Rejecting - low in warmth and demandingness, children have low self-esteem, tend to be moody, impulsive and aggressive

Hint 24

A
A
P
R

Front 25

According to Kohlberg, gender identity development involves three stages:

Back 25

identity, stability and constancy

Hint 25

I
S
C

Front 26

Adolescent Identity Developemtn (Marcia)

Back 26

Identity Diffusion - no crisis, no committment

Identity Foreclosure - commitument with no crisis

Identity Moratorium - crisis and no commitment

Identity Achievement - crisis leads to achievement

Front 27

Strange Situation (Ainsworth) - Evaluating Attachment Patterns in Infants

Back 27

Secure - infants cry when mom leaves, greet her happily when she comes back, moms are emotionally sensitive and responsive

Anxious/Avoident - infants rarely cry when mom leaves, avoid her when she returns, moms impatient and unresponsive

Anxious/Ambivalent (Resistant) - infants upset when mom leaves but when she returns may hit or push her away, moms are moody and inconsistent in caregiving

Disorganized/Disoriented - infants display inconsistent behavior when mom leaves and are confused or afraid when she returns, children usually negected or abused by caregivers

Front 28

Social Referencing

Back 28

6 mo. of age, infants looks to caregiver for cues in ambiguous situations

Front 29

Separation Anxiety

Back 29

6 mo. of age, infants become distressed when separated from caregiver (peaks at around 14 to 18 mo.)

Front 30

Stranger Anxiety

Back 30

8 - 10 mo. infants have a strong negative reaction to strangers (peaks at about 18 mo.)

Front 31

Piaget's Stages of Moral Development

Back 31

Heteronomous Morality (7-10) - children exhibit unquestioning obedience to authority and laws

Autonomous Morality (11+) - individuals recognize that rules and laws can be changed by consensus, intentions are more important than consequences

Front 32

According to Piaget, children do not deliberately lie until age ___ but recent research suggests children as young as ___ may lie to avoid punishment or gain reward.

Back 32

7
3

Front 33

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

Back 33

Level 1: Preconventional (Birth to 9)
Stage 1 - Obeys rules to avoid punishment.
Stage 2 - Conforms to rules to obtain rewards.

Level II: Conventional (9 to 20)
Stage 3 - Conforms to rules to avoid social disapproval.
Stage 4 - Obeys laws to maintain social order.

Level III: Postconventional (20+, maybe never)
Stage 5 - Acts in accord with democratically-chosen laws.
Stage 6 - Acts in accord with universal ethical principles.

Front 34

Immediate effects of divorce may be worse for ____ while ____ show a "sleeper effect".

Back 34

boys
girls

Front 35

Teachers respond differently by gender. Typically, boys receive more _____ and _____ than girls by both male and female teachers.

Back 35

criticism and praise

Front 36

Early compensatory education programs only have a short-term effect on IQ and achievement but are associated with:

Back 36

better attitude about school, higher self-esteem and increased liklihood of graduating high school.