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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Illusion
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Misperception of an actual stimulus
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Hallucination
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Perception of a non-existent stimulus
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Pseduodementia
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Common in older adults, results from depression: differs from minor neurocognitive disorder in that these folks are uncooperative during an interview, magnify deficits, and have greater impairment in recall memory and procedural memory, and have an abrupt onset of symptoms
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Mild neurocognitive disorder
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gradual onset, progressive progress, worst in declarative memory, cooperative, unaware of cognitive deficits
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Alzheimer's
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Reduced acetylcholine in the hippocampus has been linked to memory loss; hence treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors
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Structural abnormalities in Alzheimers
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Increased neurotic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the medial temporal structures, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex
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3 Stages of Alzheimer's
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1) characterized by memory loss (forgetting familiar names, losing things), difficulty with complex tasks, indifference, sadness, irritability 2) more severe memory problems (recent and remote event recognizing family / friends), some disorientation, mood swings, problems with normal daily activities 3) involve severe disorientation, confusion, delusions, and hallucinations, incontinence, and need for constant supervision and care Average length of time from diagnosis to death - 8 years |
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Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder
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Symptoms consistent a vascular etiology and evidence of cerebrovascular disease - diagnosis based on history, physical exam / neuroimaging Acute onset with partial recovery, stepwise decline in functioning, or a progressive course with fluctuations in symptom severity and periods of stability. |
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Alexia
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Inability to read
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Apraxia
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Inability to carry out purposeful movements
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Synesthesia
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A different sense is activated when a sense is triggered (seeing blue when hearing a sound)
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Anomia
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Inability to name something
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Declarative memory consists of: (2)
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Episodic and semantic
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Semantic Memory
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Facts, ideas, concepts - basic common knowledge
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Procedural Memory
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Knowledge needed for the performance of a task (i.e. motor memory)
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Recall memory
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Refers to the mental process of retrieval of information from the past
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Encoding
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allows the perceived item of use or interest to converted into a concept that can be stored and redcalled
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Idiopathic
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Unknown etiology
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Psychosomatic
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Physical symptoms due primarily to emotional / psychological factors
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Psychogenic
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Physical symptoms due primarily to emotional / psychological factors
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Biogenic
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Related to biological causes (i.e. genetics)
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Concordance rate for fraternal twins, schizophrenia
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17%
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Concordance rate for identical twins, schizophrenia
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48%
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Cognitive reserve
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High IQ people are less likely to susceptible to neurocognitive disorders. Neural compensation (more resources available to compensate for damaged areas) / neural reserve (more efficiency = less likely to be disrupted))
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Prevalence rate of schizophrenia in population
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1%
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Pseudocyesis
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False belief that a woman is pregnant, accompanied by physical signs of pregnancy
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Anterograde Amnesia
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Unable to make new memories
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Retrograde amnesia
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Unable to remember things from before the event
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