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155 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The DSM-IV-TR utilizes (1)_________ approach that divides the mental disorders into types that are defined by a set of diagnostic criteria.
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1. categorical
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To allow for the heterogeneity, the DSM-IV-TR includes (2)__________ criteria set for most disorders.
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2. Polythetic
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When using the DSM-IV-TR's multiaxial diagnostic system, Clinical Disorders and Other Conditions that may be a Focus of Clinical Attention are coded on (3)__________, while (4)___________ and Mental Retardation are coded on Axis II.
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3. Axis I
4. Personality Disorders |
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The GAF scale (Axis V) is used to rank the individual's psychological, social, and occupational functioning on a scale that ranges from (5) __ to _____.
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5. 0 to 100
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Diagnostic Uncertainty about a person's condition can be indicated by coding Diagnosis (or Condition) Deferred, (6)_______, or [Class of Disorder] Not Otherwise Specified on Axis I or II.
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6. Specific Diagnosis (Provisional)
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The Outline for Cultural Formulation recommends that clinicians consider five elements; the client's (7) _________; the cultural explanation of a client's illness; cultural factors relevant to the client's psychosocial environment and (8)_________; cultural factors relevant to the relationship between the client and therapist; and how cultural factors may impact the client's diagnosis of care
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7. Cultural Identity
8. Level of Functioning |
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A diagnosis of Mental Retardation requires an IQ of (1)______ or below; deficits in (2)______ functioning; and an onset of symptoms prior to age (3)____.
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1. 70
2. adaptive 3. 18 |
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Down Syndrome accounts for about 10 to 30% of all cases of moderate to severe retardation and is caused by the presence of an extra (4) ________, while (5)_________ is a recessive gene disorder that involves an inability to metabolize phenylalanine.
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4. chromosome
5. PKU |
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A Learning Disorder is diagnosed wen a person's score on a measure of academic achievement is substantially below his or her score on a(n) (6)_____ test.
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6. IQ
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The onset of Stuttering is most often between the ages of (7) ___ and ____ and may be effectively treated with (8) _______, which combines regulated breathing, awareness training, and social support.
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7. 2 and 7
8. Habit reversal |
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A diagnosis of Autistic Disorder requires evidence of qualitative impairments in (9)______, qualitative impairments in communication, and the presence of (10)_______ behaviors and interests.
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9. social interactions
10.restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped |
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A better prognosis for Autistic Disorder is associated with the development of (11) _______ by age 5 or 6, an IQ of 70 or above, and a later onset of symptoms.
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11. verbal communication skills
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In terms of treatment for Autistic Disorder, (12) _______ were originally used by Lovaas and continued to be used to improve communication skills.
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12. shaping and discriminationtraining
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When a child exhibits a characteristic pattern of head growth deceleration, loss of hand skills, and impaired coordination following a period of normal development, the diagnosis is (13) ______.
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13. Rett's Disorder
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When a child shows impairments in social interaction and a restricted repertoire of behaviors without significant delays in language, self-care, or cognitive skills, the likely diagnosis is (14)_____.
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14. Asperger's Disorder
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ADHD is characterized by a persistent, developmentally-inappropriate pattern of (1)______ and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.
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1. inattention
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A diagnosis of ADHD requires an onset of symptoms prior to age (2)_______ and evidence of impairment in at least (3)________ different settings.
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2. 7
3. two |
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It has been estimated that at least (4)____ percent of individuals with this disorder continue to experience problems related to school, work, or family in adulthood; with (5)______ predominately the symptom profile of the majority of adults with ADHD.
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4. 60
5. inattention |
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According to the (6)_____ hypothesis, ADHD is due to an inability to regulate one's behavior to fit the demands of the situation.
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6. behavioral disinhibition
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Research on treatment outcomes suggests that a combination of a (7)______ (e.g., methylphenidate) and behavioral interventions is most effective for ADHD, especially for certain outcomes (e.g., social skills and academic performance).
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7. CNS Stimulant
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Conduct Disorder is characterized by a pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others and/or (8)______.
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8. age-appropriate social rules
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According to Moffitt, life-course-persistent conduct problems begin early and are due to deficits in (9)________ functioning and other neurological impairments, a difficult temperament, and adverse environment circumstances, while adolescence-limited type is often the result of a (10) _______ gap.
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9. executive
10. maturity |
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(11)_______ is characterized by a persistent eating of non-nutritive substances.
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11. Pica
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(12) _______ is diagnosed in the presence of at least one vocal tic and multiple motor tics.
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12. Tourette's Disorder
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Treatment for Tourette's Disorder often includes a(n) (13)________ drug.
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13. antipsychotic
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Enuresis is usually treated with the (14) __________, which wakes the child up when s/he urinates in bed at night.
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14. night alarm (bell and pad)
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Children with (15) ________ exhibit inappropriate, excessive anxiety when separation from home or attachment figures occurs or is anticipated.
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15. Separation Anxiety Disorder
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When a child exhibits disturbed social relatedness in multiple settings prior to age five, the diagnosis may be (16)_________.
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16. Reactive Attachment Disorder
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Research in the area of behavioral pediatrics has shown that open (17) _________ with a child about his/her illness is advisable and that multicomponent (18)_______interventions are useful for reducing anxiety about and the pain caused by medical procedures.
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17. communication
18. cognitive-behavioral |
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The research has also confirmed that hospitalized children and children with physical disabilities are at increased risk for (19)_______.
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19. emotional and behavioral problems
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In terms of age groups, (20) _______ have particular difficulty complying with medical regimes,
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20. Adolescents
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Delirium is characterized by a disturbance in (1) __________ that is accompanied by impairments in cognition and/or abnormalities in (2) _________.
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1. consciousness
2. perception |
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Symptoms associated with Delirium typically develop rapidly and (3) __________ in severity during the course of the day.
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3. fluctuate
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Treatment for Delirium involves providing the individual with an environment that is designed to minimize (4)_______ and may include administration of an antipsychotic drug.
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4. disorientation
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Dementia is characterized by impaired (5) ______ and evidence of at least one other congitive disturbance (e.g., apraxia, agnosia).
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5. memory
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One distinction between Dementia and pseudodementia (depression) is that, in the former, deficits in declarative memory are most obvious, while in the latter impairments in (6) __________ memory are more salient.
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6. procedural
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Alzheimer's Disease, the single most common cause of Dementia, usually begins with (7) _______ amensia, deficits in visuospatial skills, and indifference, irritability, and sadness. This is followed by increasing (8)_______ amnesia, fluent aphasia, and ideomotor apraxia.
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7. Anterograde amnesia
8. retrograde amnesia |
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(9)_______ Dementia is caused by cerebrovascular disease and is characterized by a (10) _____, fluctuating course with a patchy pattern of symptoms.
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9. Vascular
10. stepwise |
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AIDS Dementia Complex (Dementia due to HIV Disease) is described as involving (11)_____ stages that reflect progressive deficits in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric functioning. For example, Stage (12)_______ is characterized by minmal or equivocal symptoms, while Stage (13)______ involves major signs of intellectual incapacity or motor disability.
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11. Six
12. 0.5 13. 3 |
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As defined in the DSM, Amnestic Disorder due to a general medical condition always involves (14)________ amnesia and may also include some degree of (15)________ amnesia.
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14. anterograde
15. retrograde |
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In contrast to Amnestic Disorder, (15)__________ is characterized by an inability to recall personal information that is often related to a traumatic or very stressful event and involves a circumscribed period of time.
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16. Dissociative Amnesia
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A diagnosis of Substance Dependence requires at least (1) _______ characteristic symptoms during a 12-month period, whereas Substance Abuse requires the presence of (2)_____ or more symptoms.
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1. 3
2. 1 |
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The research has shown that the most common precipitant of relapse in Alcohol and other Substance Dependence is (3)_____.
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3. a strong negative emotion
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Marlatt and Gordon describe substance dependence as an (4)________ and propose that the potential for relapse is reduced when the individual attributes his/her drinking to (5)_______ factors.
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4. overlearned, maladaptive habit pattern
5. specific, external, and controllable |
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The majority of cigarette smokers are addicted to nicotine and, consequently, a fear of (6) _______ symptoms is a major barrier to cessation.
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6. withdrawal
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There is evidence that (7)______ gender, (8)_______ age at initiation of smoking, and low nicotine dependence are associated with successful smoking cessation.
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7. male
8. older |
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Effective treatments for nicotine dependence incorporate three elements--nicotine replacement therapy, (9)_________ therapy, and support and assistance from a clinician.
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9. multicomponent behavior
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Alcohol (10) _______ is characterized by inappropriate sexual and aggressive behavior, emotional lability, slurred speech, incoordination, and impairments in memory or judgment, whereas Alcohol (11) __________ involves autonomic hyperactivity, insomnia, psychomotor agitation, and transient illusions or hallucinations after a period of heavy or prolonged alcohol use.
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10. Intoxication
11. Withdrawal |
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Korsaff syndrome (alcohol-induced persisting amnestic disoder) involves retrograde and anterograde amnesia and (12) _______ and is believed to be due to a (13) ________ deficiency.
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12. confabulation
13. thiamine |
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Alcohol-induced Sleep Disorder is usually of the (14)_______ and can be the result of either Intoxication or Withdrawal.
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14. Insomnia type
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(15)_______ and Cocaine Intoxication are both characterized by euphoria, hyperactivity, anxiety, dilated pupils, perspiration, and nausea.
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15. Amphetamine
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Symptoms of Opioid Withdrawal resemble a severe case of the (16)______, while Nicotine Withdrawal is characterized by depressed mod, insomnia, irritability, impaired concentration, and (17)____ heart rate.
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16. flue
17. decreased |
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A diagnosis of Schizophrenia requires a duration of the disturbance for at least (1) ___ months with one month of (2) _______ phase symptoms.
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1. six
2. active |
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In the DSM-IV-TR, delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior are categorized as (3) ________ symptoms, while affective flattening, alogia, and avolition are categorized as (4) _______ symptoms.
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3. positive
4. negative |
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The onset of Schizophrenia is most often between (5) _______ for males and between 25 to 35 for females.
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5. 18 to 25
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Five subtypes of Schizophrenia are distinguished. The Paranoid Type is characterized by preoccupation with one or more (6) ______ or hallucinations, while the (7) _______ Type involves disorganized speech and behavior and flat or inappropriate affect.
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6. delusions
7. Disorganized |
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A genetic etiology for Schizophrenia is suggested by studies showing that the concordance rate for biological siblings is about (8) ___ percent, while the rate for monozygotic (identical) twins is (9) ___ percent.
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8. 10
9. 48 |
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Until relatively recently, the (10) _____ hypothesis was the most widely-accepted neurochemical theory of Schizophrenia.
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10. Dopamine
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It has been modified by research suggesting that this disorder may also be related to elevated levels of (11) ______ and serotonin.
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11. norepinephrine
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Of the structural brain abnormalities linked to Schizophrenia, (12) ______ have been found in the largest proportion of patients.
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12. enlarged ventricles
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Treatments for Schizophrenia often include traditional (13) ____ drugs, which are most effective for eliminating the (14) _____ symptoms of the disorder.
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13. antipsychotic
14. positive |
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Advantages of clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics are that they are less likely to cause (15) _______ and may be effective for negative symptoms.
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15. tardive dyskinesia
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Family interventions are beneficial, especially when they target high levels of (16) _____.
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16. expressed emotion
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Schizophrenia must be distinguished from several other psychotic disorders. In (17) ____ Disorder, the symptom duration is one to six months, while in (18) _____ Disorder, mood and psychotic symptoms occur concurrently with a period of at least two weeks when delusions and hallucinations occur alone.
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17. Schizophreniform
18. Schizoaffective |
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Delusional Disorder requires the presence of (19) ______ delusions.
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19. nonbizarree
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A person with the (20) ______ subtype of Delusional Disorder is convinced that a particular person is romantically in love with him or her even though there is no support for that belief.
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20. Erotomanic
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A diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder requires the presence of (1) ___ or more Major Depressive episodes.
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1. one
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About (2) ____ percent of women experience symptoms sufficiently severe to warrant a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Disorder with Postpartum Onset following the birth of a child.
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2. 10 to 20
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Major Depressive Disorder with Seasonal Patterns (Seasonal Affective Disorder) is characterized by hypersomnia, increased appetite and weight gain, and a craving for (3) _____ and may be successfully treated with (4) _______.
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3. carbohydrates
4. phototherapy |
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In children, the rates of Major Depressive disorder are about equal for boys and girls; but in adults, the rate for women is about (5) _____ the rate for men.
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5. twice
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Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder may vary somewhat with age. In children, (6) _____ complaints and irritability are common; among older adults, cognitive impairments may resemble those seen in (7) _______.
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6. somatic
7. Dementia |
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Evidence for a genetic contribution to Major Depressive Disorder is provided by studies showing that the disorder is (8) __ times more common among first-degree biological relatives of individuals with the disorder than among individuals in the general population.
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8. 1.5 to 3.0
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According to the (9) _____ hypothesis, depression is due to a deficiency of norepinephrine.
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9. catecholamine
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Lewison's behavioral theory links depression to a low rate of (10) ______, while Seligman's notion of learned helplessness links it to (11) ______ attributions for negative events.
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10. response-contingent reinforcement
11. internal, stable, and global |
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Beck's Cognitive theory describes depression as involving a "cognitive triad" characterized by negative beliefs about (12)______.
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12. oneself, the world, and the future.
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Treatment for Major Depression often includes an antidepressant drug. The TCAs (tricyclics) are most effective for "classic" depressions that include (13) _______ symptoms and more sever symptoms in the morning; while the SSRIs are especially effective for (14) _______ depression.
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13. vegetative
14. melancholic |
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The NIMH study found that, overall, imipramine, cognitive therapy, and (15) _____ are about equally effective for treating depression but that (16) ______ is slightly more effective for reducing relapse of depression.
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15. interpersonal therapy
16. cognitive therapy |
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A diagnosis of Dysthymic Disorder requires the presence of a depressed mood for a least two years in adults or at least (17) ____ in children.
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17. one year
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The Bipolar I Disorders all involve one or more (1) _____ Episodes with or without a Depressive Episode, while Bipolar II Disorder is characterized by at least one Major Depressive episode and one (2) ________.
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1. Manic or Mixed
2. Hypomanic Episode |
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Bipolar (3) ____ Disorder is equally common in males and females, while Bipolar (4) ____ Disorder is more common in females.
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3. I
4. II |
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Of the mental disorders, Bipolar Disorder has most consistently been linked to (5) ____ factors.
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5. genetic
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Treatment for Bipolar Disorder often includes (6) ______, which not only reduces manic symptoms but also levels out mood swings.
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6. lithium
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A diagnosis of Cyclothymic Disorder requires a duration of symptoms of at least (7) _______ in adults and (8) ________ in children and adolescents.
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7. two years
8. one year |
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The suicide rates are higher for adults than for children and adolescents; and, until, recently, the highest rate has been for individuals ages (9) ____ .
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9. 65 and over
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In terms of gender, (10) _____ are at greatest risk for completed suicide; and in terms of race, suicide rates are highest for (11) ____ for most age groups.
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10. males
11. Whites |
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Beck found (12) _____ to be a better predictor of suicide than the intensity of depressive symptoms.
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12. hopelessness
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Of the mental disorders, Major Depressive Disorder and (13) ______ are most often linked to suicide; and when suicide is linked to depression, it is most likely to occur within (14) ____ months after depressive symptoms start to improve.
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13. Bipolar Disorder
14. three |
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Suicide attempters are most likely to be female and under the age of (15) ____.
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15. 35
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Callers to suicide helplines are most often to be (16) _________.
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16. young Caucasian females
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In clinical settings, suspicion that a client is at risk for suicide should be immediately addressed through the use of (17) _______.
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17. direct questions
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Anxiety and depression share several characteristics; however, while anxiety and depression both involve negative affect, anxiety is associated with a higher level of (1) ______ and (2) _______.
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1. positive affect
2. autonomic arousal |
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Panic Disorder can occur with or with Agoraphobia and involves the presence of two or more panic attacks. The diagnosis of Panic Disorder requires that at least some of the individual's attacks be (3) ________.
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3. unexpected
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Agoraphobia is characterized by anxiety about being in situations in which (4) ______ might not be possible or where help might not be available.
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4. escape
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(5) _________ is generally considered the treatment of choice for Agoraphobia and panic attacks.
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5. in vivo expose with response prevention (flooding)
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(6) ______ and other tricyclics, SSRIs and benzodiazepines have also been found useful.
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6. Imipramine
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(7) _____ Phobia involves a marked fear of a specific object or situation (e.g., fear of dogs or elevators), while Social Phobia is characterized by a fear of social or (8) ______ situations that may entail scrutiny or evaluation by others.
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7. Specific
8. performance |
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From the perspective of Mower's two-factor theory, Social Phobia is due to a combination of (9) _____.
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9. classical and operant conditioning
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Treatment for Specific or Social Phobia usually entails (10) ______.
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10. exposure
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Because of the fainting reaction associated with the (11) _____ Type of Specific Phobia, treatment involves tensing (rather than relaxing) muscles in the presence of feared stimuli.
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11. Blood-Injury-Injection
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OCD is characterized by recurrent obsessions and compulsions that are sufficiently severe to cause (1) ________, to be time consuming, and/or to significantly interfere with normal functioning.
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1. significant (marked) distress
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The treatment of choice for OCD is generally considered to be (2) ______ and either a tricyclic or SSRI.
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2. exposure with response prevention
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In adults, OCD is about equally common in males and females, but in children and adolescents, it is more prevalent in (3) _______.
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3. Males
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PTSD involves the development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to a trauma that entails witnessing or experiencing actual/threatened death or (4) _____ to self or others.
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4. serious harm
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For a diagnosis of PTSD, the trauma must elicit a reaction of intense fear helplessness, and horror and persistent re-experiencing of the trauma; persistent avoidance of (5) ________; and signs of increased (6)_________.
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5. stimuli associated with the trauma
6. arousal |
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Although EMDR seems to have beneficial effects, these effects are most likely due to (8) _________.
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8. exposure or nonspecific factors.
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When symptoms similar to those associated with PTSD have a duration of less than four weeks, the diagnosis is probably (9)__________.
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9. Acute Stress Disorder
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When symptoms involve excessive anxiety and worry about multiple events or activities for a period of at least six months, the likely diagnosis is (10) _______.
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10. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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Treatment for GAD normally involves a multicomponent (11) _______.
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11. cognitive-behavioral intervention
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In contrast to people with GAD, those with nonpathological anxiety feel they can control their anxiety to some degree, are anxious about (12)______, and are (13)_____ likely to have associated physical symptoms.
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12. a fewer number of events
13. less |
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The Somatoform Disorders are all characterized by symptoms that suggest a medical condition but for which there is no evidence of a general medical condition or (1) _____.
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1. substance use
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Symptoms of the Somatoform Disorders are not (2) _______ produced or feigned.
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2. intentionally
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Somatization Disorder is characterized by recurrent multiple (3) _______ complaints that begin prior to age 30 and that include at least four pain, two gastrointestinal, one sexual, and one (4) _____ symptom.
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3. somatic
4. pseudo-neurological |
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(5) ______ Disorder entails symptoms that suggest a serious neurological or other medical condition (e.g., blindness, paralysis) but are believed to be due to psychological factors.
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5. Conversion
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Two mechanisms have been used to explain the etiology of Conversion Disorder: (6) _______ gain, which refers to obtaining support from the environment, and (7) ______ gain, which refers to keeping an internal conflict out of consciousness.
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6. secondary
7. primary |
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For a woman exhibiting (8) ______ (the belief that she is pregnant and physical signs of pregnancy without actually being pregnant), the appropriate diagnosis is Somatoform Disorder NOS.
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8. pseudocyesis
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The Factitious Disorders involve physical or psychological symptoms that are intentionally (9)__________.
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9. produced or feigned.
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Factitious Disorder can be distinguished from Malingering in that the goal of the former is to fulfill an intrapsychic need to (10) ________, while the goal of the latter is to (11) ________.
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10. adopt a sick role
11. obtain an external reward |
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The intentional production of physical symptoms in an individual by a caregiver is referred to as (12) __________.
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12. Factitious Disorder (Munchausen Syndrome) by Proxy
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Dissociative Amnesia is characterized by a loss of memory for personal information, often information related to a (13) _____.
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13. traumatic or stressful event
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Memory loss in Dissociative Amnesia is referred to as (14) ______ when it involves an inability to remember all events related to a circumscribed period of time.
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14. localized
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(15) ______ entails feeling detached or estranged from one's mental processes or body, while reality testing remains relatively intact.
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15. Depersonalization Disorder
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The Sexual Dysfunction involve either a disturbance in the (1) _____ or pain related to sexual intercourse.
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1. sexual response cycle
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Disturbance in sexual response cycle category includes Premature Ejaculation, which occurs when a male ejaculates with minimal sexual stimulation and before he (2) ________, and (3) _________, which has been linked to several physical factors including diabetes, mellitus, multiple sclerosis, and antipsychotic, antidepressant, and hypertensive drugs.
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2. desire to do so
3. Male Erectile Disorder |
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(4) ________ is the appropriate diagnosis when a female experiences discomfort during intercourse as the result of spasms in the perineal muscle.
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4. Vaginismus
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Treatment for Sexual Dysfunction targets the dysfunctional behaviors themselves, any related anxiety, faulty attitudes and beliefs, and deficits in (5) ______.
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5. knowledge and skills
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Sensate focus is used to reduce (6) ______ anxiety, while the squeeze and (7) ______ techniques help the male gain control over the ejaculatory response.
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6. performance
7. start-stop |
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The Paraphilias entail intense sexual fantasies or behaviors involving either nonhuman objects, the suffering or humiliation of oneself or one's partner; or (8) _________ partners.
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8. non-consenting
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(9) __________ involves cross-dressing for the purpose of sexual excitement, while (10) ______ entails intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors that involve touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person.
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9. Transvestic Fetishism
10. Frotteurism |
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Gender Identity Disorder is characterized by a strong, persistent (11) _______ and discomfort with one's sex and sex role.
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11. cross-gender identification
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The essential features of Anorexia Nervosa are refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight: intense (1)______; disturbances in the perception of body weight and shape; and, in females, (2) ________.
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1. fear of gaining weight
2. amenorrhea |
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The onset of Anorexia Nervosa is most often in (3) ________.
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3. mid to late adolescence
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One theory of Anorexia is that it is due to a higher than normal level of (4) _________ which causes restlessness, anxiety, and obsessive thinking and that food restriction lowers the level of this neurotransmitter and thereby decreases unpleasant feelings.
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4. serotonin
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The first priority in the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa is to (5) _______.
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5. get the individual to gain weight.
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Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of (6) ______ that are followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain such as self-induced vomiting, the use of laxatives or diuretics, or excessive exercise.
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6. binge eating
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Medical complications of repeated purging of ones' food include electrolyte imbalances that can, in some cases, result in (7) ______.
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7. cardiac arrhythmias and arrest
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The onset of Bulimia is often during or after a (8) _______, and it has been linked to low levels of beta-endorphines, norepinephrine, and (9) _______ .
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8. period of dieting
9. serotonin |
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(10) _____ is characterized by irresistible attacks of restorative sleep that involve cataplexy and/or (11) ______ sleep.
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10. Narcolepsy
11. REM |
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Obstructive (12) ________ is the most common type of Breathing-related Sleep Disorder.
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12. sleep apnea
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(13) ______ Disorder is characterized by repeated awakening from sleep, usually beginning with a panicky scream and an inability to recall a detailed dream.
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13. Sleep Terror
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The onset of Sleep Terror Disorder is usually between the ages of 4 and 12 and it often remits spontaneously (14) _______.
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(14) during adolescence
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An episode of Sleep Terror Disorder or Sleepwalking Disorder usually occurs in the first third of the sleep period during (15) _____ sleep.
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15. NREM
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The (16) ______ Disorders involve a maladaptive reaction to one or more psychological stressors that is in excess of what would be (17)________ given the nature of the stressor(s).
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16. Adjustment
17. expected |
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Ordinarily, Adjustment Disorder is diagnosed only if symptoms remit within (18) _____ months but it can also be diagnosed when symptoms persist because the stressor or its consequences are chronic or enduring.
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18. six
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The essential feature of Paranoid Personality Disorder is pervasive pattern of (1) _____ that involves interpreting the motives of others as malevolent.
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1. distrust and suspiciousness
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Schizoid Personality Disorder involves a pervasive pattern of (2) ______ to interpersonal relationships and a restricted range of (3) ______ in social settings.
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2. indifference
3. emotional expression |
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder is diagnosed in the presence of social and interpersonal deficits and eccentricities in (4) _______.
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4. cognition, perception, and behavior
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Antisocial Personality Disorder involves a pattern of disregard for and violation of the (5) ________.
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5. rights of others.
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For a diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder, the individual must be at least (6) ____ years old and have a history of Conduct Disorder by age 15.
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6. 18
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Although Antisocial Personality Disorder is chronic, its symptoms often become less evident and pervasive in the (7) ____ decade of life.
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7. 4th
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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by a pattern of (8) _____ in interpersonal relationships, self image, and affect.
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8. instability
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Linehan describes (9) ______ as the core feature of BPD, and her Dialectical Behavior Therapy for BPD includes a combination of (10) _____, individual outpatient therapy, and telephone consultations.
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9. emotional dysregulation
10. group skills training |
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Histrionic Personality Disorder involves a pervasive pattern of emotionality and (11) _________, while the essential feature of Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a pattern of (12) __________, need for admiration, and lack of (13) ________.
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11. attention- seeking
12. grandiosity 13. empathy |
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Avoidant Personality Disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to (14) ________.
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14. negative evaluation
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Dependent Personality Disorder involves an excessive need to (15) _______, which leads to submissive and clinging behaviors and a fear of separation.
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15. to be taken care of
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Obsessive-Complusive PErsonality Disorder entails a pervasive preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal (16) _______.
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16. control
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