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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name two theories of aggression.
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1. Frustration-aggression model - aggression arise from blocked goal.
2. Socil learning -observtion and imitation |
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Factors contributing to sexual predjudice
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1. authoritarian persuasion
2. traditional beliefs 3. geeral acceptance f stereotypes |
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Zimbardo Factors of Aggression
Deindividuation model |
Pron to act aggressively when anonymous
threat of retaliation reduces choice of aggresson increases if threat of provocation accomp by provoc. |
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Rosenthal pseudo study.
why - purpose/ |
Social context stereotyping
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Affiliation?
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Affiliation - desire to begin relationship
Anxiety strengthens - misery loves miserable company. |
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Attraction?
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Particular type of affiliation
people attracted to competent pepl who make occsnl mistakes Greates when initially disliked |
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Conformity and obedience?
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Confomrity - individual alters behav to fit in group
Obedience - obey authority figure - Milner shock experiments |
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Social influences on behavior
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Compliance - get reward or avoid punishment.
Identification - hopes to be likedInternalization - privatelly accepts beliefs |
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Attitude theory of planned behavior
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1. affective - like or dislike of stimuus.
2. cognitive - beliefs or knowledge about stimulus. 3. Behavioral- behavioral tendency toward stimulus. |
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Minority influence
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1. To sway maj - clear consistent message - information
2. Psychologca reactance - maj sees as agent for taking away power - rebel 3. |
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Communicator characteristics
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Credibility - most important
Moderate differene from audience - most likely to change Over time - remember the message not the messenger |
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Primacy effect
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If two communications are made first is more influential
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Recency effect
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If there is a large tiem distance between firt and second message, the second oe is more influential.
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Social adjustment theory
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3 categories of judgement used to evaluate persuasive message
1. lattitude of acceptance 2. lattittude of noncommmitment 3. lattitude of rejection |
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Attitude inocculatioon
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Present weak arguments against position prior to persuasive message.
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Persuasion models
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Elaboration likelihood
-central route -peripheral route |
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Central route of peruasion
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listener finds message -attractive, relevant, lisener has slightly egtive affect.
Quality of message |
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Peripheral route
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listener uninterested in message, neutral or slighlly positive mood
Quantity of message |
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Therapeutic factors in group
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interpersonal input, cathrsis, self understanding, cohesiveness
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Normal symbiosis
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2-3 mos infant can't distinguish between I and not I
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Separation-individuatin
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4 mos result in sepration anxiety.
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Object constancy
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3 yrs able to pereive others and self as both eparated and related
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Schizoid personality disorder
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indifference to relationships, prefer to be alone, restricted range of emotion, indifference to praise
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Schizotypal per dis
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pervasive interpersonal defects, eccentric cognitive affect, social anxiety, wants to be with others but excluded by behavior
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Two types of hypertension
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primary unknown cause
secondary - known condition |
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Types of migraines
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Classic-auro, focl onset, throbbing, one ide of head, nasea, diarhea, constipation
Common-none of above - preceded by gastro probs |
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Why use CAT or MRI scan?
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Brain sturcture, tumors, blood clots, MS,
MRI - any angel, more dtail |
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Types of peripheral nerves
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Somatic-voluntary motions
Autonomic-involuntary movmnts, -sympthetic - arousal -parasympathetic- relaxtion and digestion |
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Why PET scn?
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Brain activity - crebral blood flow, glucose metab, oxygen consum, brain damage, vascualar dementia, schizophrenia, alzheimers
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Organizational justice
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3 types
1. procedural-fairnes of implementation 2. distributive - outcomes 3. interactinal - intrrpersonal relatshps |
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Stages of group development
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formingground rules, storming-conflict over rules, norming-agrmnt ovr rules, performing, adjournng
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Organizational commitment
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1. affective-concerned for welfare of org.
2. Continuance-can't afford to leave |
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5 stages of sleep
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1. alpha 2. Theta 3. Delta 4. General muscle activity decreases 5. REM
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pst concussional disorder
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disturbance attention or memory, fatique, deression, personality change, distrubed sleep, apathy, lack of sponty
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Anticholernic side effects
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dry mouth, blurred viin, tachycardia, constipation, urinary retention, delayed ejac.
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antipyramidal se's
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parkinsonionism, akithisia, acute dystonia, tardive dysk., NMS
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Convergent validity
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high correlation of scores or measures of same trait
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divergent validity
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low correllation with unrelated traits
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how to increase reliability
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longer tests, unrestricted range of scores, heterogeneous subjects, decrease guessing
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how to measure internal consistency
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Split half method
Coefficient alpha Kuder Richardson 20 |
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Types of test Reliability
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Test-retest-tests of ability, knowledge
Alternate forms |
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Relevance in test construction
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degree tht test items contribute to tst goal
approprite content, taxonomic level, requires extraneous abilities? |
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Theoris of Career Cnslg
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Super - life sace, span, career rainbow
Hollan-RIASEC -personality Brouseau-linear,expert,spiral,transitory Krumboltz-social learning-4 ifl factors Tiedeman-Ego Roe-family, basic needs, personality |
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Bystander apathy
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less likely to help in presence of othes
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Pluralistic ingnorance
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no help is needed since no one is helping
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Evaluation apprehension
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helping may lead to social disapproval
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Diffusion of responsiblity
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someone else will intervene
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Methods to facilitate cooperation
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Superordinate goal
Jigsaw method |
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Ziegarnick effect
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uncompleted tasks are easier to remember
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Contact hypothesis
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meet on equal terms and work towards mutual goals facilitates cooperation
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False consensus bias
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overestimate similarities to another person
Some traits-central traits more imp thn others |
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Integrative awareness
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multicultural/racial stage of feelings of self fulfillment twoards racial ID
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Atkinson-Sue Introspection awareness
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Stage of raial id uncertin about beliefs - conflicted about feelings f loyalty and autonomy
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Atkinson-Sue Resistanc/Immersion
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Activ rejection of dominant culture, appreciates own culture - views problems related to oppression
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Atkinson-Sue Dissonance
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confusioon over conflicting attitudes about self/others - perceives problems related to racial ID
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Atkinson-Sue Conformity
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Positive attitude towards dominant culture and rejects own culture
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Stages of acculturation Separation
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Withdrawal from dominant culture/accepts own culture
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Stages of accultrn Assimilation
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Accepts majority culture/relinquishing own culture
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Stages of accultrn integration/biculturalism
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maintains own culture and incorporates aspects of domnant culture
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Structural family th
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focus on boundaries, subsytems, power hierarchies
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Parenting styles
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ahoritarian, authoritative, permissive, rejecting/neglecting
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Authoriative- their children
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well adjusted
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Authoritarian - their children
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irritalbe, aggressive, lw self esteem
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Permissive - their children
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impusive, self-cenered, easily furstrated
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Rejecting/neglecting - their children
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moody, aggressive, low self-esteem
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Structural Family Th
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Here and now, dirctive, concrete
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Milan systemmic
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understand relationships, problems in alternate ways, new solutions, new choices, circulr patterns
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Bowen
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Use of questioing to diffuse emotions, tlk to therapst, start with most functional member, help think clearly about probs
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Haley Strategic fam Th
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alleviate current symptoms, alter fmaily transactions-orgnizational hierarchies and generational boundaries
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Development of conscience in fearful non anxious children
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secure attachment
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Expressive spouse abuse
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occurs within the context of escalating conflict, sign nonviolence contract, joint therapy
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Instrumentl abuse
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brutal occurs with little provocation, couple physically seaprated, provide seaprte tx
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Insecure amivalent children-mothers are
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inconsistent, moody
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Concordance rate for siblings with schizophrenia
Fraternal twins Identical twins |
10%
17% 48% |
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Concordance rates for bipolar
fraternal twins ID twins |
14%
65% |
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Social referencing
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sign of attachment - child looks to caregiver for how to respond n unfamiliar situations
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3 signs of attachment
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1. social referencing
2. seaprtion anx 3. Stranger anx |
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Primary memory deficits-Alzheimers
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Episodic
Subtle-Semantic Gradual onset, slow, progressive decline |
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Memory deficits asoc wih head trauma - subcortical dementia
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cognition
memory emotion |
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memory deficits assoc with cortical dementia
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aphasia - other language deficits
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Strategy for ending conflict in an organization
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1. locate a cmmon enemy
2. negotiate between subgroups 3. Create a superordnate goal |
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Decentralized communication
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bad wnen task is simple
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Centralized communication
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Simple tasks
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Instrumentality
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belief that successful performance equals rewards
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Causal attributions
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1. dispositonal/situational
2. stable or unstable 3. specific or global |
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Five core job dimensions
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1. skil variety 2. task identity 3. task signficance 4. autonomy 5. performnce feedback
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Influence of job imensions
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1. motivatin 2. quakuty f work perf 3. job satisfactin 4. turnover
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Worker charct afecting job satisfaction
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age, disposition, occupationa level, race, abiliy to ue one's skils and talent - most imp
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ERG Theory - McLelland`
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Alteraton of maslow's thry
Motivated by more than one need at a time Need for achievement NAch-select difficult time consum tasks |
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Assessing effects of training
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1. reaction criteria - empl satis.
2. how much learning 3. behavior - chnge in job perform 4. Results-degree helped org reach goals |
