Epithelium

Front 1

names the structure of the skin

Back 1

epithelium/basement membrane/connective tissues

Front 2

4 single-layered cells

Back 2

simple squamous
simple cuboical
simple columnar

Front 3

4 multiple layered cells (at least the top layer only) cells

Back 3

stratified squamous
stratified cuboical
stratified columnar

Front 4

Ciliated vs nonciliated important in what types of cells & why?
(location, function, histology)

Back 4

both simple & stratified Columnar

Front 5

When is kertinizied distinction important - in what types of cells?

Back 5

stratified squamous

Front 6

Give functions & examples of Keratinized
cells

Back 6

-forms top layer of skin, no nucleus
-lines mostly wet surfaces (mouth, espophagus + ??????????????)

Front 7

Give functions & examples of Nonkeratinized cells

Back 7

-lines mostly wet surfaces (mouth, espopha

Front 8

4 main types of epithelium

Back 8

Simple (3)
Stratified (3)
Pseudostratified (2 types)
Transitional (urinary bladder)

Front 9

Pseudostratified (2 types)

Back 9

1) Psudostratified columnar
2) Psudostratified ciliated columnar

Front 10

Simple Squamous Epithelium (location, function, histology)

Back 10

-lines the heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, air sacs of lungs, epithelial layer of serous membrances, such as peritoneum (all are endothelium).
-in histology picture, you see the top view bec there's only 1 layer (dead give away of this cell in test)
(hint) has centrally located nucleus
-simple squamous cells/basement membrane/connective tissue
-required for blood filtration in kidnesy, or difusion (osygen into blood vessels of lungs), not foundi n body parts wear & tear

Front 11

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Back 11

-covers sruface of ovary, lines kidney tubules & smaller ducts of many glands, lines anterior surface of capsule of eyes, make up secreting portion of soe glands (thyroid gland) & ducts of pancreas
- required for secretion & absorption

Front 12

Simple Columnar Epithelium ( type 1)

Back 12

Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium
-has nuclei near the base of cells!
-contains goblet cells & cells w/microvilli in some locations
(imp) -lines gastrointestinal tract from stomach to the anus, ducts of many glands & gallbladder

contains columnar epithelia cells with cilia at apical surface & goblet cells

Front 13

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (type 1)

Back 13

Keratinized form:
-form superficial layer of skin
- consist of several layers of cells: cuboidal to columnar shipae in deep layers but squamous at the top (apical) layer - that's why this is sitll called squamous
- apical layers & several layers deep to it are dehydrated & contain
a layer of keratin, a tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin & underlying tissue from heat, microbes & chemicals

Front 14

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
(location, function, histology)

Back 14

-fairly rare
-lines ducts of adult sweat glands & esophageal glands, part of male urethra
-consists of 2 or more layers iof celles,

Front 15

Stratified Columnar Epithelium
(location, function, histology)

Back 15

-also uncommon,
= are really several layers of irregularly shaped cells- but columnar cells in the top (apical) layer

-lines esophageal glands, part of urethra, large excretory ducts of some glands, small areas in anal ucous
Usually hte basal layer consist of shortened irregularly shaped cells,
only the apical layers has columnar in the form. This function to protect & secret
(on test):
Key: Only the top layer is columnar and it's still called columnar!!!

Front 16

Simple Columnar Epithelium (type 2)

Back 16

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
- (imp) lines uterus, part of upper respiratory tract, & uterine (fallopian) tubes

-with microvilli at apical surface & goblet cells

Front 17

Where are most ciliated simple columnar found & why>

Back 17

-in respiratory tract airways, where goblets cells are dispersed, and mucus secreted by goblet cells forms a film over airway surface that traps inhaled foreign particles. cilia move mucus & bad stuff out of body.

Front 18

What's the function of mucus?

Back 18

mucus serves as a lubicant for hte linings of digestive, respiratory, reproductive & urniary tracts, & prevent destructio nof stomach lining by acidic astric juice

Front 19

Stratified Squamous Epithelium (type 2)

Back 19

-are really several layers of cells - squamous on topmost laeyr and than the other 2 on the bottom. differnet rom keratinized
- (imp) covers the tongue, lines the mouth, esophagus, epiglottis, vagina
NOnkeratinized form -

Front 20

Transitional Epithelium
(location, function, histology)

Back 20

-called transitional bec appearance is transitional or variable
-most imp:found only in urinary bladder lining, part of ureters & urethraa
-allos distention (blowing up)
-apical layers = squamous (when stretched) to cuboidal (when relaxed)

Front 21

pseudostratified columnar epithelium (location, function, histology)

Back 21

This is not a true stratified tissue,
Key (to histology slides): Most imp: Nuclie of cells are all at differnt depths.
***All cells are attached to the basement membrane, but not all extend to the surface!
Those that do either secrete mucus (goblet cells) or are cilia.
-Mucus works to tap foreign particles while cilia sweep away mucus for eliminatio nro m the body
Again, nuclei of cells are at different levels, all cells however attach to basement membrance, but not all reach the suface!
-imp: lines ariways of most upper respiratory tract
-lines ducts of many glands
-secret and moves mucus by ciliary action
-most famous: picture of trachea (!!!!)
THIS IS ON THE TEST - KNOW THE SLIDE THAT GOES WITH IT

Front 22

Endocrine glands

Back 22

Its secretions (hormones) enter interstitial fluid & then diffuse directly into the bloodstream w/o flowing through a duct (so seamless!!!)
-secrets hormones that diffuse ito blooddddd after pasing through interstitial fluid
-these hormones contrls homeostasis
-examples are pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands

Front 23

Exocrine glands

Back 23

-secrets products into ducts that empty onto the surface of a covering & lining epithelium
-it's released directly at the skin surface or into hte lumen of a loow organ
-secretions examples: mucus, sweat, oil , earwas, saliva, & digestive enzyesm
example of exocrine glands: sweat glands, salivary glands
-produce mucus, sweat, oil, earwax, saliva, or digestive enzymes

Front 24

Which cells have cilia & goblet cells?

Back 24

Psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Front 25

Which cells have no cilia or goblet cells?

Back 25

Psuedostratified nonciliated columnar epithelium

Front 26

gland

Back 26

-actually can be a single cell or a group of cells that secrete substance into ducts (tubes) onto a surface or into the blood. All glands of the body are endocrine or exocrine.

Front 27

Connective Tissue

Back 27

= cells & matrix (fills wide sapces between cells), or protein-ased fibers & ground substance, or hte material between the cells and the fibers. For example, matric in cartilage is firm but liable. In bone, the matrix is hard & not pliable.