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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Communicable Disease
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an infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another
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What is a Contagious Disease
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a highly communicable disease that is easily transmitted from one person to another
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All Communicable Diseases are what...but not vice versa
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Infectious Diseases
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Define Sporadic
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when a particular disease occurs without regularity
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Define Endemic
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when a disease occurs in a certain region
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Define Epidemic
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when a disease infects a large group of people in a short period of time
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Define Pandemic
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When a disease goes global
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What is a Carrier of an Infectious disease (2 Types)
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an individual that has the infectious agent without showing syndromes that can still transmit it
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What is a transient carrier
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a carrier that sheds the pathogens for several days to months
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What is a chronic carrier
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a carrier that can transmit the infectious agent for months or years
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What is the Prevalence Rate of a disease
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percentage of people with the disease at a point in time
Total Infected/Total Population |
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what is the Incident Rate
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rate of NEW cases of a disease during a specific time
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What is the Morbidity Rate
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rate of how many people in a given population have a certain disease
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What is the Mortality or Death Rate
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percentage of deaths from a disease when compared to how many people contracted it
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What are four rates used to assess the frequency of a Disease
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Prevalence
Incident Morbidity Mortality |
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What is the primary way that Infectious Diseases are classified by
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Etiologic Agents
(causative) microscopic organisms such as bacteria or viruses, which can cause disease. |
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What is a Primary Disease
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initial disease caused by the infectious agent
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What causes a Secondary Diseases
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Drug Therapy
weakened immune system of host cell |
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What is an Opportunistic Disease
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infection caused by microbes that usually have no affect on the host but do so by taking advantage of the weekend immune system
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What is a Latent Disease
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a disease that is not completely removed from the host cell which allows it to reappear at a later time
(Herpes) |
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What is an Acute Disease
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infects the host quickly but only has syndromes for a short period of time.
(Influenza) |
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What is a Sub-acute Disease
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a disease that is present before any syndromes are shown.
(slower than acute) |
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What is a Chronic Disease
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usually milder than a acute disease but last for months to years
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What is a Local Disease
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infectious agent that remains in a specific site on the host/body (pimples, boils)
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What is a Disseminated Disease
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occurs when microbes spread to other parts of the body
(aka systemic disease) |
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What are the nine types of Infectious Diseases we discussed
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Primary, secondary
Opportunistic Latent Acute/Sub-acute/chronic Local/Systemic |
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What is a Nosocomial Infections
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Infections acquired at a hospital during a patients stay
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What are some causes of Nosocomial Infections
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Lengthy surgery
overuse of Antibiotics Poor antiseptic techniques by hospital staff use of indwelling medical devices |
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What does a Reservoir refer to when discussing infectious agents
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a local environment or host that helps the growth and multiplication of an agent
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What are the two broad types of Reservoirs
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Biotic (living)
Abiotic (Inanimate) |
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Name three Biotic Reservoirs
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Human Carriers
Animals Insects |
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Name five Abiotic Reservoirs
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Food
Soil Air Water Fomites |
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What is a Zoonoses
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an infectious agent that be be transmitted from animal to human
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What is a Carrier
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an infected individual that shows no syndromes but can still transmit the disease
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What is a Fomite
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article of clothing,toothbrush, bedding, fork
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Explain the Endogenous Source of a microbe
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the original site/source of a microbe that may have spread from one part of the body to another.
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What are five Portals of Entry and Exit that an infectious agent can use to infect a person
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Digestive system
Reproductive system Respiratory system Break in skin Directly into blood |
