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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Descriptive epidemiology
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frequency and the distribution
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Analytical epidemiology
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research and study risk and protector factors
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Endemic
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regional or population limited
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Epidemic
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An outbreak of disease that attacks many peoples at about the same time and may spread through one or several communities.
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Pandemic
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When an epidemic spreads throughout the world.
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propagated epidemic
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multiple outbreaks
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point source epidemic
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common source
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Primary prevention
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avoids the development of a disease
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Secondary prevention
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activities are aimed at early disease detection
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Tertiary prevention
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reduces the negative impact of an already established disease
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The triangle
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Environmental
Agent Host |
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Animal reservoirs
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Zoonotic
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James Lind
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Scurvy (experimental study)
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Edgar Sydenstricker
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Morbidity (cross-sectional)
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Wynder and Graham
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Tobacco and lung cancer (case-control)
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Hippocrates
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environmental disease
factors influence disease conditions introduced epidemic and endemic |
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Thomas Sydenham
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Fresh air, exercise and healthy diet
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James Lind
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Scurvy and limes
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Benjamin Jesty
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Noticed milkmaids and smallpox
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Edward Jenner
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Invented vaccination for smallpox
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Ignaz Semmelweis
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Handwashing
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John Snow
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Identified transmission and incubation of cholera
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Louis Pasteur
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Anthrax vaccine
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Robert Koch
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Photographed microbes
Water purification Pure cultures Steam sterilization |
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John Graunt
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Life table
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William Farr
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Multifactorial etiology
vital stats |
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Bernardion Ramazzini
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Occupational medicine
ergonomics |
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T.K. Takaki
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Eliminated beriberi from Japanese navy
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George Soper
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Identified typhoid mary
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Lemuel Shattuck
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Established "Boards of health"
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Edgar Sydenstricker
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Morbidity stats catagories
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Doll and Hill
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Cancer/Lung association
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Vitamin A
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Deficiency:
Night blindness Keratomalacia Xerophthalmia Overdose: Hypervitaminosis A |
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Vitamin B1 thiamin
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Deficiency:
Beriberi Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome Overdose: Hypersensitive reactions (resembling anaphylactic shock) Drowsiness |
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Vitamin B2
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Deficiency:
Ariboflavinosis Overdose: ? |
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Vitamin B3
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Deficiency:
Pellagra Overdose: Liver damage |
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Vitamin B5
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Deficiency:
Paresthesia Overdose: ? |
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Vitamin B6
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Deficiency:
Anemia peripheral neuropathy Overdose: Impairment of proprioception Nerve damage |
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Vitamin B7
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Deficiency:
Dermatitis, enteritis Overdose: ? |
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Vitamin B9
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Deficiency:
Birth defects (neural tube defects) Overdose: Possible decrease in seizure threshold |
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Vitamin B12
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Deficiency:
Megaloblastic anemia Overdose: No known toxicity |
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Vitamin C
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Deficiency:
Scurvy Overdose: Vitamin C megadosage |
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Vitamin D
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Deficiency:
Rickets and Osteomalacia Overdose: Hypervitaminosis D |
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Vitamin E
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Deficiency:
Deficiency is very rare; mild hemolytic anemia in newborn Overdose: Increased congestive heart failure seen in one large randomized study |
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Vitamin K
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Deficiency:
Bleeding diathesis Overdose: Increases coagulation in patients taking warfarin. |
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prodrome
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early pre-symptoms
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fastigium
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maximum intensity of disease
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defervescence
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return to normality
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Convalescence
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gradual recovery of health
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Line Listing
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allows listing of properties
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Frequency Distribution
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numeral separation of occurances
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Attack rate
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# of new incidents
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Mortality rate
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Deaths/population at midyear
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