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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epidemiology is the study of
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the factors influencing the frequency and distribution of diseases within a community
1. communicable diseases – diseases that can be transmitted from one host to another 2. non-communicable diseases – diseases that are transmitted by means other than host to host (ex. from flora or soil) |
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- Rate of diseases
A.Attack rate B.Morbidity rate C.Mortality |
the percentage of a given population, rather than the absolute number of cases
A) number of disease cases per 100 people exposed B)the number of cases of illness in a given time period divided by the population at risk C the rate of death within a given population as a result of the disease |
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2. Incidence
3. Pervelence a. Endemice diseases b. Epidemic c. Pandemic d. Outbreak |
2.reflects the number of new cases in a specific time period in a given population at risk
3.reflects the number of total existing cases both old and new in a given population at risk A.constantly present in a population (ex. common cold) B.an unusually large number of cases within the population C.when an epidemic spreads worldwide (ex. AIDS) D.when a cluster of cases occur during a brief time interval and affect a specific population |
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ways to Control infectious diseases
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1. Identify the reservoirs
a. Human/nonhuman zoonotic 2. Envornmental- water & soil 3. Knowing type of transmission 4. Knowing the type of vector |
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soil is aganet for what
Water is agent for what |
1. Anthrax and tetanus
2. Legionnaires disease |
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Two types of transmission
a. Horizontal? b. Vertical? |
a. Transfer form one person to another through contact, igestion of food or water or via living agent such as insects
b. Transfer from pregnant woman to the fetus or from a mother to her infact during childbirth |
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Transmission can be accomplshed by
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1. 1) Contact
a) Direct contact – Òperson to personÓ transmission by touching, kissing, sexual intercourse, etc. b) Indirect contact – transfer of the pathogen via inanimate objects (fomites) c) Droplet transmission – respiratory droplets can spread disease if persons are in close proximity (no more than 1 meter) 2. fOOD AND WATER 3. AIR |
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what are vectors and what is the different bw mechanical and biological
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- Its any living thing organism that can carry a disease-causing microbe
a.Organism carries the microbe on their body from one place to another b. Require for part of the parasites life cycle |
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Factors that influence epidemiology
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1. Dose
2. Incubation period 3. Characterisic of the population 4. Nosocomial infections |
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Characteristics of the population as a factor that influence epidemiology
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1. Immunity to the pathogen
2. General health 3. Age 4. Gender 5. Religious and cultural practices 6. Genetic background 7. Occcupational exposure |
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What are Nosocomial infections
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Infections aquired by patients during their hospial stay
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Common example of Nosocomial infection
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1.1) Enterococcus sp – normal intestinal flora; frequently cause UTIs, wound & blood infections
2) E. coli – normal intestinal flora; commonly cause UTIs 3) Pseudomonas sp – grow frequently on humidifiers and mechanical ventilators; cause hospital-acquired pneumonia 4) Staphylococcus sp – normal skin flora in many people; commonly causes septicemia, pneumonia, and surgical wound infections |
