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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define continuous variable
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a variable that can have any value
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define categorical variable
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a variable that can only have a certain number of specific values (breed, sex etc)
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What data values can be used with normally distributed data?
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mean, standard deviation, mode, median, range, quartiles
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What data values can be used with skewed data?
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mode, median, range, quartiles
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what is nominal categorical data?
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no inherent relationship between categories (breed, sex etc)
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what is ordinal categorical data?
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there is an ordering or ranking within the category (BCS, grade of a heart murmur)
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what is a P value?
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tells how likely the results of a study are due to chance
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what P value is generally considered significant?
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p<= 0.05
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What is a type I error?
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the study groups are not different, but we erroneously conclude they are
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What is a type II error?
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the study groups are different, but we erroneously conclude they are not
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What is alpha?
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the probability of making a type I error
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what is beta?
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the probability of making a type II error
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What is power, in relation to statistical analysis?
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ability to detect a difference between groups when there is a difference
power = 1-beta |
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What factors influence power?
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# of animals in the study
magnitude of the difference between groups variability of measurements |
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When is low power a concern?
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when a statistical significance could not be found
could indicate that there is a relationship but the study was unable to detect it |
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What is a confidence interval?
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indicate the reliability of an estimate
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What level are confidence intervals usually calculated at?
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95%
*can also be at 90, 99, 99.9 etc |
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What is survival analysis?
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measures the time to an event
eg: death, calving, development of clinical signs, disease, discharge |
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What curve is used in survival analysis?
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Kaplan-Meier
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What is censoring?
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the animal hasn't had the outcome by the end of the study or is lost to follow up, and therefore the survival time is unknown
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