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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the goal of an epidemiological study?
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to be descriptive - describre disease and the amount and distribution in pop
To be analytical - determine the relationship between an exposure and outcome in a population |
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What constitutes as a good study?
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Scientific
Valid Precise Efficient |
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What is the purpose of controls?
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essential for measuring the effect of exposure
used to make comparisons |
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What is an exposure?
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any potential determinant of disease or health status
-pathogen, toxin, physical hazard, host factors, agent factors, environmental factors |
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What is an outcome?
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a result or response usually a disease or some other change in heath status
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What are characteristics of study designs?
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-observational VS experimental
-descriptive vs analytical -prospective VS retrospective -selected vs allocated |
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What is an observational study?
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observe subjects in the real-world without intervention
may or may not compare groups -descriptive -analytical majority of most epidemiological studies are observational |
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What is an experimental study?
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a study where things are done to subjects in a controlled setting
groups are compared (treatment vs control) subjects are allocated into groups and a hypothesis generated |
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What is a descriptive study?
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a study with no hypothesis
describe a disease and characterize disease |
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What is an analytical study?
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a study that tests a hypothesis
tests an associated between an exposure and an outcome always compared in groups |
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What is a prospective study?
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a study that looks forward in time
follows study subjects -Clinical trials -Prospective cohort |
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What is a retrospective study?
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a study that looks back in time
looks for characteristics or events that happened to study subjects in the past -case report -cross sectional -ecological -case control -retrospective cohort |
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What is a selected study?
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subjects are selected because of their characteristics in order to study their characteristics
-represent a population -exposure status -outcome status |
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What is an allocated study?
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subjects are allocated to an exposure group to study the effect of the exposure
-treatment vs control -always random -experimental |
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What is a case-control study?
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descrines and defines cases of the disease of interest
which diagnostic test all cases or only new must be selected independently of exposure status population |