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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the goal of an epidemiological study?
to be descriptive - describre disease and the amount and distribution in pop

To be analytical - determine the relationship between an exposure and outcome in a population
What constitutes as a good study?
Scientific
Valid
Precise
Efficient
What is the purpose of controls?
essential for measuring the effect of exposure

used to make comparisons
What is an exposure?
any potential determinant of disease or health status

-pathogen, toxin, physical hazard, host factors, agent factors, environmental factors
What is an outcome?
a result or response usually a disease or some other change in heath status
What are characteristics of study designs?
-observational VS experimental
-descriptive vs analytical
-prospective VS retrospective
-selected vs allocated
What is an observational study?
observe subjects in the real-world without intervention
may or may not compare groups

-descriptive
-analytical

majority of most epidemiological studies are observational
What is an experimental study?
a study where things are done to subjects in a controlled setting

groups are compared (treatment vs control)

subjects are allocated into groups and a hypothesis generated
What is a descriptive study?
a study with no hypothesis

describe a disease and characterize disease
What is an analytical study?
a study that tests a hypothesis

tests an associated between an exposure and an outcome

always compared in groups
What is a prospective study?
a study that looks forward in time
follows study subjects

-Clinical trials
-Prospective cohort
What is a retrospective study?
a study that looks back in time
looks for characteristics or events that happened to study subjects in the past

-case report
-cross sectional
-ecological
-case control
-retrospective cohort
What is a selected study?
subjects are selected because of their characteristics in order to study their characteristics

-represent a population
-exposure status
-outcome status
What is an allocated study?
subjects are allocated to an exposure group to study the effect of the exposure

-treatment vs control
-always random
-experimental
What is a case-control study?
descrines and defines cases of the disease of interest

which diagnostic test
all cases or only new
must be selected independently of exposure status
population