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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is root of word
Epi demos |
from Greek, prevalence of an epidemic disease.
epi - among, upon logy - science, theory, study |
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Epidemiology definition
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Study of the distribution and determinants of disease or other health outcomes in populations
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what are objectives of epidemiology?
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Identify disease etiology
Describe patterns of disease occurrence(how common andhow important) Study natural history of disease(duration, prognosis, severity?) |
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Epidemiological approach to disease causation includes what:
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1. association btw some 'exposure' amd disease?
2. is assn valid? 3. is there evidence of causality? 4. causality cannot be proven with epidemiological methods |
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What are three levels of Prevention in Epidemiology
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1. Primary prevention -
Immunization, health education 2. secondary prevention Screening 3. Tertiary prevention Treatment and rehabilitation |
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What are branches of Epidemiology?
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1. Causation - inf ds vs non-inf ds
2. Disease - Cancer, Chronic ds, Cardiovascular 3. Exposure - Genetic, Nutritional 4. Approach - Molecular, Mathematical, Clinical |
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Give brief ID history
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1 10 biblical plagues
Plague of Athens Antonine Plague Black Death 1347-1350 Great Plague 1665-66 Malaria and colonies Smallpox and defeat of indig in AMericas yellow fever at easter ports Spanish flu (influenza)1918 |
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Who was the first to record "bills of mortality" - death
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John Graunt during the great plague 1665.
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What was significant about keeping track of the "observations" in 1662 in regard to mortality
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Needed overall mortality numbers to keep track of 'plague' mortality. important chronicle. 40% of all deaths attributable to the plague
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What was Graunt's contribution to Epidemiology
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1st to systematically analyze the bills of mortality
Published the 'natural and political observations' on the bills of mortality Regarded as founder of demography and modern epi |
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What did Dr Snow do to contribute to Epidemiology?
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Used Quantitative arguments to show Cholera risk assd with contaminated water.
Showed Cholera was water-borne He did not know the causative agent |
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What is the broad street story
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Snow knew that nearly all deaths of Cholera were attributable to the Broad STreet Pump. He got the handle removed from the pump and stopped the epidemic
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What are stages of non-clinical diseases?
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Latent
Preclinical Subclinical |
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Name some Chronic Carrier Status
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Hep B virus (rare)
Hep C virus(carrier stat common) Salmonella typhi (typhoid mary) |
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What is difference between Latent period and Incubation period
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Latent is from exposure to start of infectiousness, while Incubation is from exposure to appearance of symptoms.
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What are three classes of Infectious disease patterns?
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Class A - Inapparent Infection Freq - tubercle bacillus
Class B - Clinical disease freq, few deaths - measles virus Class C - Infections usually fatal - Rabies virus |
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What is difference between quarantine and isolation? What measures are taken in each?
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Quarantine concerns clinically normal people who might have been exposed to infectious agent. Isolation concerns clinically ill(thus likely infectious) individuals. Quarantine reduces contact with healthy population. Isolation uses barrier measure to reduce contact.
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What are disease outbreaks?
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an epidemic with a very circumscribed scope, associated with a common vehicle or either a point source or continuous nature.
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What is involved in an outbreak investigation?
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Sudden unusual clusters of cases of a certain syndrome. Often associated with food.
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What is case definition?
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Proper case def is essential for successful outbreak investigation.
"stool culture on or after 2/1/09 yielded Salmonella.... |
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What is usual shape of epidemic curve?
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Bell shaped
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l'honneur
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honor
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