Ephe 141 - Lab Quiz #2 - Tissues

Front 1

What are the 3 general classifications for connective tissue?

Back 1

1. connective tissue proper
2. fluid connective tissue
3. supporting connective tissue

Front 2

What 2 categories is "connective tissue proper" broken into?

Back 2

1. loose
2. dense

Front 3

What 3 categories is "loose connective tissue proper" broken into?

Back 3

1. aerolar
2. adipose
3. reticular

Front 4

What 3 categories is "dense connective tissue proper" broken into?

Back 4

1. regular
2. irregular
3. elastic

Front 5

What are the 2 categories of fluid connective tissue?

Back 5

1. blood
2. lymph

Front 6

What are the 2 categories of supporting connective tissue?

Back 6

1. cartilage
2. bone

Front 7

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Back 7

1. hyaline
2. elastic
3. fibrous

Front 8

What are 2 types of bone?

Back 8

1. compact
2. spongy (aka trabecular bone)

Front 9

trabecular bone aka?

Back 9

spongy bone

Front 10

What are the 3 basic components of all connective tissues?

Back 10

1. specialized cells
2. fluid --> ground substance
3. extracellular protein fibers

Front 11

What 2 things make up matrix?

Back 11

1. protein fibers
2. ground substance

Front 12

What are the 6 general functions of connective tissue?

Back 12

1. structural framework
2. transporting fluids & other materials
3. providing protection for delicate organs
4. supporting surronding & interconnecting tissue
5. storing energy reserves (lipids)
6. defending body from invasion by microorganisms

Front 13

What are the 2 types of defense cells in areolar loose connective tissue?

Back 13

1. macrophages
2. mast cells

Front 14

What are the 3 purple spots on the areolar loose connective tissue slide? (3)

Back 14

1. fibrocytes
2. macrophages
3. mast cells

Front 15

What are the 3 types of fibers present in areolar loose connective tissue?

Back 15

1. reticular fibers (swiggly)
2. elastic fibers (dark long straight)
3. collagen fibers (thick long pink)

Front 16

Name 3 locations in the body where areolar loose connective tissue is found.

Back 16

1. between muscles
2. around joints (synovial membrane)
3. within dermis of skin

Front 17

List the 3 functions of areolar connective tissue.

Back 17

1. cushions organs
2. provides support but permits independent movement
3. phagocytic cells provide defense against pathogens

Front 18

adipose cells aka?

Back 18

adipocyte

Front 19

What takes up most of the space in an adipocyte?

Back 19

a single large lipid droplet occuplize most of the cytoplasm squeezing the nucleus & other organelles to one side

Front 20

Name 3 functions of adipose connective tissue.

Back 20

1. cushions/pads
2. insulates (reduces heat loss)
3. stores energy

Front 21

Def: space inside blood vessels

Back 21

lumen

Front 22

Why is it important that there are lots of blood vessels in our fat storage areas?

Back 22

to facilitate energy distribution to other cells in the body

Front 23

Reticular connective tissue has how many types of fibers?

Back 23

one type (reticular fibers)

Front 24

What is the function of reticular connective tissue?

Back 24

provides supporting framework

Front 25

Where is reticular connective tissue found? (5)

Back 25

1. liver
2. kidney
3. spleen
4. lymph nodes
5. bone marrow

Front 26

What is the main difference between loose and dense connective tissue?

Back 26

dense connective tissue has many more strong, thick collagen fibers

Front 27

What is arranged regularly in dense regular connective tissue?

Back 27

collagen fibers packed tightly & aligned parallel to applied forces

Front 28

What are the 4 functions of dense regular connective tissue?

Back 28

1. provide firm attachment
2. conduct pull of muscles
3. reduce friction between muscles
4. stabilize relative positions of bones

Front 29

Name the 4 structures in the body comped of dense regular connective tissue?

Back 29

1. tendons
2. elastic tissue
3. aponeuroses (layers of flat broad tendons)
4. ligaments

Front 30

What is arranged irregularly in dense irregular connective tissue?

Back 30

collagen fibers

Front 31

What is the function of dense irregular connective tissue? (2)

Back 31

1. provides strength to resist forces applied from many directions
2. helps prevent over-expansion of organs (e.g. urinary bladder)

Front 32

Name 4 locations in the body where dense irregular connective tissue is found.

Back 32

1. dermis
2. periostea & perichondria
3. nerve & muscle sheaths
4. capsules of visceral organs

Front 33

What supportive tissue is firm but flexible?

Back 33

cartilage

Front 34

What cells are located in hyaline cartilage?

Back 34

chondrocytes

Front 35

What is the name of space that chondrocytes sit in?

Back 35

lacunae

Front 36

Describe the matrix of hyaline cartilage.

Back 36

chondroitin sulfates with proteins forming hydrated proteoglycans

Front 37

Why can't you see the collagen fibers of the matrix in hyaline cartilage?

Back 37

they're packed really densely together = looks like solid background of one colour

Front 38

Name places were hyaline cartilage is found (4)

Back 38

1. between tips of ribs & sternum
2. covering bone surfaces at synovial joints
3. supporting larynx, trachea & bronchi
4. part of nasal septum

Front 39

What are the 2 main functions of hyaline cartilage?

Back 39

1. stiff but flexible support
2. reduces friction between bony surfaces

Front 40

What kind of fibers are visible in collagen fibers?

Back 40

1. collagen fibers

Front 41

What are the special functions of fibrocartilage? (3)

Back 41

1. resists compression
2. prevent bone to bone contact
3. limits relative movement

Front 42

In hyaline cartilage, is more than one chondrocyte possible in one lacunae?

In fibrocartilage, is more than one chondrocyte possible in one lacunae?

Back 42

yes


no

Front 43

How are the chondrocytes arranged differenttly in fibrocartilage compared to hyaline cartilage?

Back 43

In fibrocartilage the...
1. chondrocytes are more spread out 2. only one chondrocyte per lacunae.

Front 44

Name 2 sites in the body where fibrocartilage is found.

Back 44

1. between vertebrae
2. pads in knee joints

Front 45

What type of connective tissue contains lots of elastic fibers?

Back 45

elastic cartilage

Front 46

What is special about elastic cartilage?

Back 46

it's extremely resilient & flexible

Front 47

Under the microscope, what 2 cartilages look similar?

Back 47

1. hyaline
2. elastic

Front 48

Name 2 locations where elastic cartilage is found?

Back 48

1. auricle of external ear
2. epiglottis

Front 49

Osseous tissue aka?

Back 49

bone

Front 50

Name the 4 types of bone cells.

Back 50

1. osteocytes
2. osteoclasts
3. osteoblasts
4. osteoprogenitor cells

Front 51

What's the function of osteocytes? (2)

Back 51

1. communicate with blood vessels & with one another
2. maintains & monitors protein & mineral content of matrix

Front 52

What's the function of osteoblasts? (2)

Back 52

1. secrete organic components of bone matrix
2. production of new bone

Front 53

What's the function of osteoprogenitor cells? (1)

Back 53

1. divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblasts (good for broken bone)

Front 54

What types of cells are good for broken bone?

Back 54

osteoprogenitor cells

Front 55

What is the function of osteoclasts? (3)

Back 55

1. secrete acids to dissolve bony matrix
2. release amino acids
3. store calcium & phosphate

Front 56

Which of the bone cells has 50 or more nuclei?

Back 56

osteoclasts

Front 57

What does the extracellular matrix of bone consist of?

Back 57

1. calcium phosphate (2/3)
2. collagen fibers (1/3)
3. osteocytes & other cells (2%)

Front 58

What makes up the majority of bone matrix?

Back 58

calcium phosphate

Front 59

What kind of fibers are found in bone matrix?

Back 59

collagen fibers

Front 60

osteocytes & other cells makes up what % of bone matrix?

Back 60

only 2%

Front 61

osteon aka?

Back 61

Haversian system

Front 62

def: concentric rings of osteocytes surronding a central canal

Back 62

osteon (aka Haversian system)

Front 63

def: layers of bone matrix

Back 63

lamellae (singular: lamella)

Front 64

def: one layer of bone matrix

Back 64

lamella

Front 65

What does lacunae mean?

Back 65

"pit" or "pool"

Front 66

def: a small space containing an osteocyte in bone or chondrocyte in cartilage

Back 66

lacunae

Front 67

What is the pleural of lucuna?

What is the pleural of lamella?

What is the pleural of trabecula?

Back 67

lacunae

lamellae

trabeculae

Front 68

Central canal aka?

Back 68

Haversian canal

Front 69

What 2 structures are found in the central canal or Haversian canal?

Back 69

1. nerves
2. blood vessels

Front 70

def: tiny canals connecting the lacunae & central canal

Back 70

canaliculi

Front 71

What is the function of canaliculi?

Back 71

1. contain cytoplasmic processes & ground substance
2. provide a route for the diffusion of nutrients & waste products

Front 72

spongy bone aka? (2)

Back 72

cancellous bone
trabecular bone

Front 73

Does spongy bone contain osteocytes?

Back 73

yes & several layers of lamellae

Front 74

List the 5 functions of bone.

Back 74

1. support
2. storage of minerals
3. blood cell production
4. protection
5. leverage

Front 75

Name the 6 types of bone shapes.

Back 75

1. long bone
2. short bone
3. irregular bone
4. sesamoid bone
5. pneumatized bone
6. flat bone

Front 76

Give examples of long bones (2)

Back 76

1. femur
2. tips of fingers

Front 77

What shape bone is the sternum?

Back 77

flat bone

Front 78

What shape bone are the ribs?

Back 78

flat bones

Front 79

What shape bone is the scapulae?

Back 79

flat bone

Front 80

Where do you find sutural bones?

Back 80

skull

Front 81

What shape bone is the vertebrae?

Back 81

irregular

Front 82

Give an example of a short bone?

Back 82

carpals in hand

Front 83

What shape bone is the petalla?

Back 83

sesamoid

Front 84

def: formation of new red blood cells

Back 84

erythropoiesis

Front 85

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

Back 85

red bone marrow

Front 86

Name 7 bones of the body where erythropoiesis occurs.

Back 86

1. vertebrae
2. sternum
3. ribs
4. skull
5. scapulae
6. pelvis
7. proximal limb bones

Front 87

Where is compact bone the thickest in a long bone?

Back 87

epiphysis

Front 88

def: name for spongy bone in the flat bones of the skull

Back 88

diploë

Front 89

In living spongy bone, what fills the spaces created by the trabeculae in the femoral epiphysis?

Back 89

red marrow

Front 90

def: end of long bone

Back 90

epiphysis

Front 91

def: shaft of a long bone

Back 91

diaphysis

Front 92

def: region where nutrient arteries & veins enter the diaphysis of a long bone

Back 92

nutrient foramen

Front 93

What fills the medullary cavitiy?

Back 93

bone marrow

Front 94

marrow cavity aka

Back 94

medullary cavity

Front 95

def: the connective tissue lining on the inner surface of the marrow cavity in bone.

Back 95

endosteum

Front 96

def: the connective tissue lining on the outer surface of bone.

Back 96

periosteum

Front 97

Why doesn't the endosteum & periosteum show on bone models?

Back 97

because the bone is dead - periosteum & endosteum are connective tissue.

Front 98

Why does it hurt when you fracture a bone?

Back 98

bones are innervated by sensory nerves & the nerve endings branch throughout the periostum down to the endosteum

Front 99

What are the 3 types of muscle?

Back 99

1. smooth
2. cardiac
3. skeletal

Front 100

Do muscle cells have one or many nuclei per cell?

Back 100

many

Front 101

What causes the cross-striations in muscle cells?

Back 101

actin & mysoin filaments arranged in parallel

Front 102

def: name for muscle cell membrane

Back 102

sarcolemma

Front 103

Where does the nucleus of a muscle cell lie relative to the muscle cell membrane?

Back 103

lies just under the surface of the membrane (sarcolemma)

Front 104

muscle cell aka?

Back 104

muscle fiber

Front 105

How many layers of connective tissue surround skeletal muscle?

Back 105

3

Front 106

def: dense irregular connective tissue surrounding an entire skeletal muscle

Back 106

epimysium

Front 107

what KIND of connective tissue surrounds skeletal muscle?

Back 107

dense irregular

Front 108

def: the connective tissue, collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels & nerves that divide muscle into compartments

Back 108

perimysium

Front 109

What makes up the perimysium (layer that divides muscle into compartments) (3)

Back 109

1. connective tissue (made of collagen fibers & elastic fibers)
2. blood vessels
3. nerves

Front 110

def: the connective tissue made of reticular fibers that surrounds each skeletal muscle fiber & binds them together & supports capillaries supplying these fibers

Back 110

endomysium

Front 111

What are the 5 main functions of skeletal muscle?

Back 111

1. produce skeletal movement
2. maintain posture & body position
3. support soft tissue
4. regulate entering & exiting of material
5. maintain body temperature

Front 112

How do muscles attached to bone?

Back 112

via tendon or aponeurosis (layers of flat broad tendons)

Front 113

def: layers of flat broad tendons

Back 113

aponeurosis

Front 114

What tissue is a tendon composed of?

Back 114

dense regular connective tissue

Front 115

What tissue is epimysium composed of?

Back 115

dense irregular connective tissue

Front 116

def: a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium

Back 116

fascicle

Front 117

What is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by?

Back 117

perimysium

Front 118

Classification of muscle is done according to the arrangement of its...?

Back 118

fascicle

Front 119

Different fascicle arrangements can lead to what 4 muscle characteristics?

Back 119

1. parallel muscles
2. convergent muscles
3. pennate muscle
4. circular muscles

Front 120

def: a muscle with fascicles that attach obliquely (in a slanting position) to its tendon

Back 120

pennate muscle

Front 121

What attaches bone to bone?

Back 121

ligament

Front 122

What attaches bone to muscle?

Back 122

tendon

Front 123

Muscles are classified into how many types according to the arrangement of their fascicles relative to its tendons.

Back 123

6

Front 124

Muscles are classified into 6 types according to the arrangement of their ?

Back 124

fascicles relative to its tendons.

Front 125

What are the 6 muscle classifications according to their arrangement ?

Back 125

1. parallel
2. convergent
3. unipennate
4. bipennate
5. multipennate
6. circular

Front 126

What muscle classification is the bicep?

Back 126

parallel

Front 127

What muscle classification is the pectoralis?

Back 127

convergent

Front 128

What muscle classification is the extensor digitum?

Back 128

unipennate

Front 129

What muscle classification is the femoris?

Back 129

bipennate

Front 130

What muscle classification is the deltoid?

Back 130

multipennate

Front 131

What muscle classification is the orbicularis oris?

Back 131

circular

Front 132

def: where 2 bones meet

Back 132

joint

Front 133

What are the 3 types of joints based on movement?

Back 133

1. synarthrotic
2. amphiarthrotic
3. diarthrotic

Front 134

what does synarthrotic mean?

Back 134

bones don't move

Front 135

What does amphiarthrotic mean?

Back 135

little movement

Front 136

What does diarthrotic mean?

Back 136

lots of movement

Front 137

Give the full classification for the joints between the bones in the skull

Back 137

synarthrotic fibrous suture joint

Front 138

What is the bony articulation for a synarthrotic fibrous suture joint?

Back 138

bones in the skull

Front 139

Give the full classifications for the 2 types of amphiarthrotic joints?

Back 139

1. amphiarthrotic fibrous syndesmosis joint
2. amphiarthrotic cartilaginous symphysis joint

Front 140

Give the full classifications for the 4 types of diarthrotic joints?

Back 140

1. diarthrotic synovial monaxial hinge joint
or
diarthrotic synovial monaxial pivot joint

2. diarthrotic synovial biaxial saddle joint
or
diarthrotic synovial biaxial condylar joint

3. diarthrotic synovial triaxial ball-and-socket joint

4. diarthrotic synovial non-axial planar joint

Front 141

Fully classify the middle tibiofibular joint

Back 141

amphiarthrotic fibrous syndesmosis joint

Front 142

Fully classify the radius & ulna joint

Back 142

amphiarthrotic fibrous syndesmosis joint

Front 143

Fully classify the pubic symphysis joint

Back 143

amphiarthrotic cartilagenous symphysis joint

Front 144

Fully classify the intervertebral disc joints

Back 144

amphiarthrotic cartilagenous symphysis joint

Front 145

Fully classify the elbow joint

Back 145

diarthrotic synovial monaxial hinge joint

Front 146

Fully classify the interphallangeal joints

Back 146

diarthrotic synovial monaxial hinge joint

Front 147

Fully classify the wrist (where carpals meet radius & ulna) joint

Back 147

diarthrotic synovial biaxial ellipsoidal joint

Front 148

Fully classify the thumb joint

Back 148

diarthrotic synovial biaxial (or triaxial) saddle joint

Front 149

What are the bony articulations for the wrist?

Back 149

carpals meet radius & ulna

Front 150

What are the bony articulations for the very base of the thumb?

Back 150

metacarpal meets carpal

Front 151

Fully classify the shoulder joint

Back 151

diarthrotic synovial triaxial ball-and-socket joint

Front 152

Fully classify the hip joint

Back 152

diarthrotic synovial triaxial ball-and-socket joint

Front 153

Fully classify the joint where the ribs meet the vertebrae.

Back 153

diarthrotic synovial non-axial planar joint

Front 154

Fully classify the joint where the clavicle meets the sternum

Back 154

diarthrotic synovial non-axial planar joint

Front 155

What is the purpose of synarthrotic joints?

Back 155

allow forces to be spread easily from one bone to another

Front 156

What joints permit very limited movement?

Back 156

ampiarthrotic joints

Front 157

Ampiarthrotic (limited movement) joints are connected either by .... (2)

Back 157

1. fibrous connective tissue (mostly made of collagen fibers)
or
2. fibrocartilage

Front 158

What connects the articulating bones in amphiarthrotic fibrous syndesmosis joints?

Back 158

ligament

Front 159

What are the 2 locations for amphiarthrotic fibrous syndesmosis joints?

Back 159

1. between radius & ulna
2. between tibia & fibula

Front 160

What is the short name for fibrous joint between the radius and ulna?

Back 160

middle radioulnar joint

Front 161

What are the short names for the 3 fibrous joints between the tibia & fibula?

Back 161

proximal tibiofibular joint
middle (NOT medial) tibiofibular joint
distal tibiofibular joint

Front 162

the middle and part of the distal joints in the radioulnar & tibiofibular joints are .....

Back 162

syndesmoses (slightly movable articulation)

Front 163

Give the full classification of the middle tibiofibular joint.

Back 163

amphiarthrotic fibrous syndesmosis joint

Front 164

Name the sheet of fibers between the radius & ulna.

Back 164

antebrachial interosseous membrane

Front 165

Name the sheet of fibers between the tibia & fibula.

Back 165

crural interosseous membrane
(note: this membrane is actually a ligament)

Front 166

what characterizes an amphiarthrotic cartilaginous symphysis joint

Back 166

bones are separated by fibrocartilage

Front 167

Give 2 examples of amphiarthrotic cartilaginous symphysis joints.

Back 167

1. pubic symphysis
2. intervertebral discs

Front 168

Is this word plural or singular?

diarthroses

Back 168

pleural

Front 169

Is this word plural or singular?

diarthrosis

Back 169

singular

Front 170

What are the 3 main structures present in synovial joints.

Back 170

1. articular cartilage (aka hyaline cartilage)
2. synovial cavity (aka joint cavity)
3. articular capsule

Front 171

Describe the 4 components of synovial fluid.

Back 171

1. mucin
2. alumin
3. fat
4. electrolytes

Front 172

How many layers does the articular capsule contain?

Back 172

2

Front 173

What is the name for the outer layer of the articular capsule?

Back 173

fibrous capsule

Front 174

The outer layer of the articular capsule is called the fibrous capsule. What tissue is it composed of?

Back 174

dense connective tissue

Front 175

What is the name for the inner layer of the articular capsule?

Back 175

synovial membrane

Front 176

What is the synovial membrane composed of?

Back 176

aerolar tissue surrounded by squamous-like cuboidal cells (the cuboidal cells are flatter, mid way between flat and cube)

Front 177

What does the synovial membrane secrete?

Back 177

synovial fluid

Front 178

Why are accessory structures name so?

Back 178

because they are found in some, but not all, synovial joints

Front 179

Do all synovial joints contains accessory structures?

Back 179

no

Front 180

Name the accessory structures found in synovial joints (5).

Back 180

1. ligaments
2. menisci or articular discs
3. fat pads
4. tendons
5. bursae

Front 181

What do ligaments do for joints?

Back 181

support, strengthen & reinforce synovial joints

Front 182

def: disks of fibro-cartilage that act as cushions between the articulating ends of bones in joint (e.g. in knee joint & between vertebrae)

Back 182

menisci (aka articular discs)

Front 183

What tissue are menisci composed of?

Back 183

fibrocartilage

Front 184

What are the 2 types of ligaments in a synovial joint?

Back 184

1. intrinsic ligaments
2. extrinsic ligaments

Front 185

intrinsic ligaments aka?

Back 185

capsular ligaments

Front 186

def: localized thickenings of the joint capsule.

Back 186

intrinsic ligaments

Front 187

def: ligaments that are separate from the capsule

Back 187

extrinsic ligaments

Front 188

What are the 2 types of extrinsic ligaments?

Back 188

1. extracapsular
2. intracapsular

Front 189

What tissue type are extrinsic ligaments composed of?

Back 189

dense regular

Front 190

What is the function of fat pads in the knee joint? (2)

Back 190

1. protect the articulating cartilage
2. act as packing material

Front 191

What is the function of tendons in the knee joint? (2)

Back 191

1. limits range of motion
2. mechanical support

Front 192

def: small, fluid filled pocket in connective tissue sheaths that form where tendons/ligaments rub against other tissues

Back 192

bursae

Front 193

What are bursae filled with?

Back 193

synovial fluid

Front 194

Describe a bursae.

Back 194

small, fluid filled pocket in connective tissue sheaths that form where tendons/ligaments rub against other tissues

Front 195

Describe tendon sheaths.

Back 195

tubular bursae that surround tendons where they pass across bony surfaces

Front 196

What are the 2 functions of bursae & tendon sheaths?

Back 196

1. reduce friction
2. absorb shock

Front 197

What kind of connective tissue are bursae made of?

Back 197

dense irregular

Front 198

def: tubular bursae that surround tendons where they pass across bony surfaces

Back 198

tendon sheaths

Front 199

def: movement that occurs when 2 opposing surfaces slide past one another.

Back 199

gliding (aka planar movement)

Front 200

What are the 4 types of movement?

Back 200

1. gliding (aka planar)
2. angular movements
3. rotation
4. special movements

Front 201

In what plane does flexion/extension move in?

Back 201

sagittal plane

Front 202

In what plane does abduction/adduction move in?

Back 202

frontal plane

Front 203

def: a smooth combination of flexion, extension, abduction & adduction

Back 203

circumduction

Front 204

What is circumduction a smooth combination of ?

Back 204

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction

Front 205

What is hyperextension?

Back 205

when limb/body parts are extended beyond their normal range of motion

Front 206

When you rotate your limbs inward what word do we use?

Back 206

medial rotation

Front 207

When you rotate your limbs outward what word do we use?

Back 207

lateral rotation

Front 208

When you rotate your head what words do we use?

Back 208

left rotation
right rotation

Front 209

What's the difference between circumduction versus rotation?

Back 209

circumduction = circular movement at an angle less than 90 degrees

rotation = movement without an angle - shaft spins around its longitudinal axis

Front 210

def: palms face upward

Back 210

supination

Front 211

def: palms are turned posteriorly

Back 211

pronation

Front 212

def: superior surface of the foot approached the shin

Back 212

dorsiflexion

Front 213

def: pointing the toes downward

Back 213

plantar flexion

Front 214

def: sole of foot turns inwards

Back 214

inversion

Front 215

def: sole of foot turns outwards

Back 215

eversion

Front 216

def: move in a superior direction

Back 216

elevation

Front 217

def: move in an inferior direction

Back 217

depression

Front 218

Name a bone that can elevate & depress?

Back 218

scapulae

Front 219

def: thumb touching any fingertips on the same hand

Back 219

opposition

Front 220

def: moving anteriorly in horizontal (cross sectional) plane (e.g. jaw)

Back 220

protraction

Front 221

def: moving posteriorly in horizontal plane (e.g. jaw)

Back 221

retraction

Front 222

def: bending axial skeleton parts (e.g. vertebral column & head) to the side

Back 222

right or left lateral flexion

Front 223

What is the shape of the articular surfaces in a planar joint?

Back 223

flat/smooth

Front 224

Name a planar/gliding joint.

Back 224

wrist

Front 225

What is the axis of movement for a planar/gliding joint?

Back 225

non-axial (aka multi-axial)

Front 226

Give the full classification for a planar joint.

Back 226

diarthrotic synovial multiaxial planar joint

Front 227

What is the proper term for the 2nd digit?

Back 227

forefinger

Front 228

What movements are allowed in hinge joints?

Back 228

flexion/extension

Front 229

What is the axis of movement for a hinge joint?

Back 229

monaxial

Front 230

Fully classify the most distal joint on your forefinger (2nd digit).

Back 230

diarthrotic synovial monaxial hinge joint

Front 231

What is the axis of movement for the joint between the 1st & 2nd vertebrae?

Back 231

monaxial

Front 232

When we shake our head to make the no-no movements, what vertebrae move?

Back 232

1st & 2nd vertebrae

Front 233

Give the full classification for the joint between your 1st & 2nd vertebrae.

Back 233

diarthrotic synovial monaxial pivot joint

Front 234

Where in the body do we have condylar (aka ellipsoidal) joints?

Back 234

knuckles - metacarpals meets phallanges

Front 235

condylar joints aka

Back 235

ellipsoidal joints

Front 236

Which bones are the carpals?

Back 236

small bones in palm by wrist

Front 237

Which bones are the metacarpals?

Back 237

long bones in palm that branch from carpals to knuckles

Front 238

Where is the metacarpophalangeal joint?

Back 238

knuckles

Front 239

What movements are allowed at the knuckles?

Back 239

1. flexion/extension
2. adduction/abduction
3. circumduction

Front 240

Fully classify the knuckle joint.

Back 240

diarthrotic synovial biaxial condylar joint

Front 241

What are the articulating bones at the very base of the thumb almost by the wrist?

Back 241

carpometacarpal joint

Front 242

What digit on the hand is number #1?

Back 242

thumb

Front 243

Where is the saddle joint in the thumb?

Back 243

carpometacarpal joint (very base of thumb by wrist)

Front 244

What movements are allowed in a saddle joint? (4)

Back 244

1. flexion/extension
2. adduction/abduction
3. circumduction
4. opposition

Front 245

Give the full classification for the thumbs saddle joint at the very base of the thumb by the wrist.

Back 245

diarthrotic synovial triaxial saddle joint

Front 246

What movements are allowed at the shoulder & hip joint? (4)

Back 246

1. flexion/extension
2. abduction/adduction
3. rotation
4. circumduction

Front 247

What is the axis of movement in the ball-and-socket joints?

Back 247

triaxial

Front 248

Name the 3 fibrous joints.

Back 248

1. suture joints in skull
2. radioulnar joint
3. tibiofibular joint

Front 249

Is fat a connective tissue?

Back 249

yes

Front 250

Is bone a connective tissue?

Back 250

yes

Front 251

Is blood a connective tissue?

Back 251

yes

Front 252

Is epithelium a connective tissue?

Back 252

no - connective tissue will never be exposed to the outside of the body

Front 253

What do all connective tissues have in common? (3)

Back 253

1. specialized cells
2. extracellular protein fibers
3. ground substance (fluid)

Front 254

Is ground substance a fluid or solid?

Back 254

fluid

Front 255

What 2 things make up the matrix of connective tissue?

Back 255

1. ground substance
2. extracellular fibers

Front 256

What surrounds all of the cells in connective tissue?

Back 256

matrix (ground substance & extracellular fibers)

Front 257

List 6 general functions of connective tissue.

Back 257

1. structural framework for body
2. transporting fluids & dissolved materials from 1 region to the next
3. protect delicate organs
4. support, surround & connect other tissue types
5. store energy
6. defend body from invading microorganisms