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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Coronary artery disease (CAD)
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involves atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries dur to plaque) in coronary arteries
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Ischemia
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a deficiency of blood flow to the heart as a result of CAD
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Angina Pectoris
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chest pain
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Myocardial Infarction
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a heart attack due to ischemia leading to irreversible damage and necrosis
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what is the newest theory of pathophysiology
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New pathophysiology:
1. monocytes attach themselves to endothelial cells 2. monocyte differentiate into macrophages and ingest oxidized LDL-C, becoming enlarged foam cells to form fatty streaks 3. smooth muscle cells accumulate under the foam cells 4. endothelial cells slough off, exposing underlying connective tissue 5. platelets attach to exposed tissue |
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What is a ischemic stroke?
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Cerebral thrombosis = a blood clot forms in a cerebral vessel, most often at site of atherosclerotic damage
Cerebral embolism = an undissolved mass of material breaks loose from another site in the body and lodges in a cerebral artery |
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What is a hemmorhagic stroke?
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Cerebral hemorrhage = rupture of one of the cerebral arteries
Subarachnoid hemorrhage = surface vessel on the brain ruptures, bleeding into the space between the brain and the skull |
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What is hypertension?
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high blood pressure, causes heart to work harder, strains systemic arteries and arterioles, can cause pathological hypertrophy of the heart, can lead to atherosclerosis, heart attacks, heart failure, stroke, and renal failure
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What are the normal systolic and diastolic numbers?
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Normal systolic = < 120, diastolic = < 80
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What is heart failure? Causes?
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Heart failure = heart muscle becomes too weak and cannot maintain adequate cardiac output
*can result from damage to heart from: hypertension, atherosclerosis, valvular heart disease, viral infections, and heart attack *blood backs up in veins, causing systemic and pulmonary edema *can progress to irreversible damage, requiring a heart transplant |
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What are the four proposed CAD markers?
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CRP, Fibrinogen, Homocystine, & Lp(a)
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What are lipoproteins? What are the different classes?
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proteins that carry blood lipids
very-low density low-density high-density |
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what is the metabolic syndrome?
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term used to describe the interrelationship between hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, and diabetes (which are linked though common pathway of insulin resistance)
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