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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mafic Rocks
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- rich in iron and magnesium
- Oceanic crust |
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Silicic Rocks
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- Rich in silica
- Continental crust |
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Intermediate
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Same amount of silica and iron/magnesium
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Ultramafic
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- Almost all iron and magnesium
- Mantle |
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Magma
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Melt in the interior of the Earth (no photos exist)
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Lava
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Melt at the surface of the earth
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Heat Transfer Melting
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- Increase the temperature
- By increasing the temp. you will reach the point at which rocks melt even under high pressure |
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Decompression Melting
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- Decrease the pressure
- By reducing the pressure you decrease the melting point of the rocks |
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Flux Melting
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- Change the chemistry of the rocks
- By adding volatile elements (like water and carbon dioxide) you decrease the melting points of rocks |
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Action starts in the asthenospheric mantle
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- Mantle convection
- Region of mantle rises through asthenospheric mantle but does not go into the lithospheric mantle (decompression melting) - Begins to melt, heat transfer allows it to creep into the lithospheric mantle and eventually up the crust - Pushes up through the cracks and burns its way up |
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Intrusive Igneous Rocks
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- Igneous rocks that solidified inside the earth
- Solidified from magma - Coarse Grained |
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Granite
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- 66-76% Silica
- Silicic |
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Diorite
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- 52-65% Silica
- Intermediate |
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Gabbro
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- 44-52% Silica
- Mafic |
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Partial Melting
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Not all minerals melt at the same time so only some actually add to the composition of the created melt
- Ex: chocolate eggs and lead balls |
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Fractional Crystallization
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Not all minerals crystallize at the same time so only some actually stay in the rising magma and make it to their destination
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Assimilation
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Blocks from surrounding walls fall into the rising magma and mix with it, changing its original composition
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Dike
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Magma cools and cuts at an angle across horizontal layers
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Sill
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Pushes between layers of rocks (usually branches off of dikes)
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Laccolith
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A blister-like sill that pushes up into overlapping layers
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Pluton
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An irregular shaped blob intrusion
- Large plutons are called batholiths |
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Extrusive Igneous Rocks
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- Igneous rock that solidified on the surface of the earth
- Solidified from a lava - Fine grained |
