Eoc Review - Part I

Front 1

artisan

Back 1

skilled craftspersons making products like weapons

Front 2

polis

Back 2

Greek city-state

Front 3

patricians

Back 3

great landowners formed ruling class in Roman Republic

Front 4

plebeian

Back 4

Roman Republic social class made of minor landholders, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers

Front 5

wergild

Back 5

"money for man" value of person in money in Germanic society.

Front 6

vernacular

Back 6

language of everyday speech in region

Front 7

Crusades

Back 7

military expeditions carried out by European Christians in Middle Ages to regain Holy land from Muslims.

Front 8

chivalry

Back 8

ideal behavior developed among nobility. code of ethics knights upholded.

Front 9

guild

Back 9

business association with a particulars trade or craft.

Front 10

Renaissance

Back 10

Italian renaissance; rebirth of the people, art, and culture

Front 11

humanism

Back 11

movement of Renaissance based on study of humanities. [grammar, poetry, history etc.]

Front 12

Reformation

Back 12

protestant reformation divided church into Catholic and Protestant groups

Front 13

balance of trade

Back 13

difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exports

Front 14

triangular slave trade

Back 14

Connected Europe, African, And American continents. Europe sends goods to Africa and trades for slaves. Slaves shipped to America and sold. Europe buys goods and goes back to Europe.

Front 15

Thirty Years' War

Back 15

Began in 1618 in Holy Roman Empire. struggle between Catholic and Protestant nobles. Became Political conflict. Most destructive conflict yet.

Front 16

Scientific method

Back 16

systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence.

Front 17

social contract

Back 17

concept that entire society agrees to be governed by its general will

Front 18

Enlightenment

Back 18

18th century philosophical movement of intellectuals who are greatly impressed with achievements of Scientific Revolution.

Front 19

bourgeoisie

Back 19

middle class including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

Front 20

Reign of Terror

Back 20

When Committee of Public Safety takes control. courts set up to prosecute internal enemies of revolution. 40,000 killed.

Front 21

Congress of Vienna

Back 21

after defeat of napoleon Great Britain Austria Prussia and Russia met to arrange peace settlement. Rearranged territories in Europe balancing powers.

Front 22

Universal male suffrage

Back 22

right of all males to vote in elections

Front 23

conscription

Back 23

military draft

Front 24

Continental System

Back 24

French economic plan to cripple Britain. Russia's refusal to conform led to the Russian campaign.

Front 25

Treaty of Versailles

Back 25

Treaty ending World War I. It was extremely unfair to Germany, forcing them to accept all of the blame for the war. It is a major cause of World War II.

Front 26

War of Attrition

Back 26

concept that to win a war, one's enemy must be worn down to the point of collapse by continuous losses in personnel

Front 27

Five years plan

Back 27

set economic goals for five year periods purpose to transform Russia overnight from agricultural into industrial.

Front 28

collectivization

Back 28

system in which private farms were eliminated and government owned all the land.

Front 29

Kellogg Briand pact

Back 29

treaty between the United States and other nations "to renounce war as an instrument of national policy"

Front 30

Kristallnacht

Back 30

Organized destruction of synagogues, Jewish houses, and shops, accompanied by arrests of individual Jews, which took place in Germany and Austria under the Nazis on the night of November 9-10, 1938

Front 31

sanctions

Back 31

restriction intended to enforce international law

Front 32

Anschluss

Back 32

The annexation of Austria to Germany.

Front 33

Containment

Back 33

policy of US where we tried to hold back spread of communism

Front 34

NATO

Back 34

North Atlantic Treaty Organization
designed to protect Western Europe from a Soviet attack.

Front 35

Marshall Plan

Back 35

aid from the United States used to rebuild Europe after World War II.

Front 36

perestroika

Back 36

restructuring of the Russian economy along capitalist lines by Stalin

Front 37

OPEC

Back 37

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
to co-ordinate prices and supply policies of the major petroleum exporting countries.

Front 38

City-state

Back 38

independent, self-governing city that incorporated its surrounding territory

Front 39

aristocracy

Back 39

system of government with "rule by the best".
nobles rule

Front 40

tyranny

Back 40

form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator

Front 41

Oligarchy

Back 41

political system governed by a few people
power is centralized in the hands of an organized élite

Front 42

senate

Back 42

assembly possessing high legislative powers

Front 43

triumvirate

Back 43

alliance between three equally powerful political or military leaders

Front 44

common law

Back 44

unwritten body of law based on general custom

Front 45

Parliament

Back 45

legislative assembly in certain countries [Great Britain]

Front 46

Estates-general

Back 46

French Parliament

Front 47

Magna Carta

Back 47

Document signed by King John of England in 1215 AD that limited the king’s power and guaranteed certain basic rights

Front 48

feudalism

Back 48

system in which a king or queen shared power with the nobility, who required services from the common people in return for allowing them to use the nobles land.

Front 49

mercantilism

Back 49

philosophy that stresses the development and control of trade able goods as a means to foster the general good or wealth of a society or country

Front 50

absolutism

Back 50

sovereign power or ultimate authority in the state rested in the hands of a king who claimed to rule by divine right.

Front 51

Liberalism

Back 51

a political orientation that favors progress and reform

Front 52

conservatism

Back 52

political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes

Front 53

Napoleonic Code

Back 53

Took away many of the rights gained by women, aimed at reestablishing the "family monarchy".

Front 54

national assembly

Back 54

transitional body between the Estates-General and the National Constituent Assembly which existed from June 17 to July 9 of 1789.

Front 55

national convention

Back 55

third estate of the Estates General -broke from the Estates because they wanted the Estates to sit as a committee and not as segregated groups.

Front 56

Socialism

Back 56

system based on public ownership of the means of production and distribution of wealth.

Front 57

capitalism

Back 57

economic and social system in which individuals can maximize profits because they own the means of production.

Front 58

Monroe Doctrine

Back 58

established that any attempt of a European country to colonize in the Americas would be considered an unfriendly act by the United States

Front 59

Indian National Congress

Back 59

Made to seek reforms in Britain's government of India.

Front 60

Fascism

Back 60

political idea that the primary guiding principle is that the state or nation is the highest priority, rather than personal or individual freedoms