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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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LD
Full name |
Lactate dehydrogenase
Type of enzyme |
Oxidoreductase |
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LD
Type of enzyme |
Oxidoreductase
What is transferred? |
Hydrogen |
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LD
Oxidoreductase
What is oxidized? |
L-lactate
It is oxidized to? |
Pyruvate |
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LD
Oxidoreductase
Electrons carriers |
NAD+ NADH
What is NAD+ in this reaction? |
Hydrogen acceptor |
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LD
Rxn formula |
L-lactate + NAD+ (LD) Pyruvate+ NADH + H+ |
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LD
Chemical class |
Protein
General structure |
Tetramer |
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LD
Tetramer Structural components |
4 polypeptide chains
Subcomponents |
2 subunits 1. H (Heart) 2. M (Muscle)
To form 5 types of isoenzymes |
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LD
How many types of isoenzymes there are? |
5
List |
LD-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 |
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LD Five types of isoenzymes
______ LD-2 LD-3 LD-4 LD-5 |
LD-1
Structure Clinical significance (elevation) |
HHHH
Heart: MI RBCs: hemolytic anemia |
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LD-1
Structure |
HHHH
isoenzyme? Clincial significance? (elevation) |
Heart: MI
RBCs: hemolytic anemia |
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LD Five types of isoenzymes
LD-1 _______ LD-3 LD-4 LD-5 |
LD-2
Structure Clinical significance (elevation) |
HHHM
Heart: megaloblastic anemia RBCs: Acute renal infarct, hemolyzed specimen |
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LD-2
Structure |
HHHM
Clinical significance (elevation) |
Heart: megaloblastic anemia
RBCs: ARI, hemolyzed specimen |
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LD Five types of isoenzymes
LD-1 LD-2 ___________ LD-4 LD-5 |
LD-3
Structure |
HHMM |
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LD-3
How many tissues are affected? |
4
List |
Lung Lymphocytes Spleen Pancreas |
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LD-3
4 tissues are affected
List |
Lung Lymphocytes Spleen pancreas |
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LD-3
4 tissues are affected
___________ Lymphocytes Spleen Pancreas |
Lung
Clinical significance |
Pulmonary emobolism |
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LD-3
4 tissues are affected
Lung __________ Spleen Pancreas |
Lymphocytes
Clinical significance |
Extensive |
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LD-3
4 tissues are affected
Lung Lymphocytes __________ pancreas |
Spleen
Clinical significance |
Pulmonary pneumonia |
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LD-3
4 tissues are affected
Lung Lymphocytes Spleen __________ |
Pancreas
Clinical significance |
Lymphocytosis Acute pancreatitis Carcinoma |
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LD-3
Structure (Review) |
HHMM
Tissue affected: pancreas Clinical significance |
Lymphocytosis
Acute pancreatitis Carcinoma |
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LD Five types of isoenzymes
LD-1 LD-2 LD-3 ___________ LD-5 |
LD-4
Structure
Tissue affected and clinical significance |
HMMM
Liver: Hepatic injury |
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LD-4
Structure Tissue affected? |
HMMM
Liver Clinical significance |
Hepatic injury |
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LD Five types of isoenzymes
LD-1 LD-2 LD-3 LD-4 ________ |
LD-5
Structure Tissue affected and clinical significance |
MMMM
Skeletal muscle: Skeletal muscle injury
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LD-5
Structure
Tissue affected |
MMMM
Skeletal muscle Clinical significance |
Skeletal muscle injury |
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LD pattern
Nomal |
LD2>1>3>5>4 |
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LD pattern in AMI
general description |
LD 1 and 2 is flipped
Detail description |
Normal: LD2 is higher than 1
MI: LD1 is higher than LD2 LD1/LD2 ratio is greater than 1 |
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LD pattern in Liver disease |
LD 4 and 5 is elevated
Order? |
LD5,2,1,3,4 |
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LD reference range
L to P |
100-224 U/L
At what temperature? |
37C |
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LD reference range
P to L |
80-280 U/L
At what temperature |
37C |
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LD methodologies
Rxn direction used in the clinical lab? |
Both Rxn direction
List |
Forward Reverse |
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LD methodologies
_______________ Reverse direction |
Forward direction
Formula |
Lactate to pyruvate |
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LD methodologies
Lactate to pyruvate
Forward or reverse? |
Forward direction
Prevalence |
More common |
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LD methodologies
Forward direction ___________ |
Reverse reaction
Formula |
P to L |
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LD methodologies
Reverse reaction
Formula |
P to L
Forward or reverse |
Reverse |
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Reverse vs. forward rxn |
Reverse is 1. 2x faster 2. less expensive 3. More prone to substrate exhaustion Loss of linearity (recall zero order)
Forward rxn? |
More common |
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LD methodologies
What is measured? |
NAD+/NADH
at ? |
340 nm |
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LD methodologies
Measure NAD+/NADH at? |
340 nm
aka |
UV range |
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CK
Relative index formula |
CK-2 x 100/ Total CK
Interpetation |
3-5%: grey zone
5%: cardiac source |
