Enzymes

Front 1

The most important proteins are called _________.

Back 1

The most important proteins are called ENZYMES.

Front 2

Enzymes are molecules that _______ the reactions that ______
life.

Back 2

Enzymes are molecules that CATALYZE the reactions that SUSTAIN sustain life.

Front 3

Almost everything that happens in the body happens because a specific ________makes it possible.

Back 3

Almost everything that happens in the body happens because a specific ENZYME makes it possible.

Front 4

For an enzyme to catalyze a reaction it must first bind to _______.

Back 4

For an enzyme to catalyze a reaction it must first bind to SUBSTRATES.

Front 5

Substrates bind to proteins through a region called the _______ site.

Back 5

Substrates bind to proteins through a region called the ACTIVE site.

Front 6

When a substrate binds with an enzyme it creates a _______.

Back 6

When a substrate binds with an enzyme it creates a PRODUCT.

Front 7

Enzymes catalyze these 4 reactions
(REDS)

Back 7

Enzymes catalyze these 4 reactions
1. Reversable reactions
2. Exchange reactions
3. Decomposition reactions
4. Synthesis reactions

Front 8

Enzymes have 3 characteristics:
(SSR)

Back 8

Enzymes have 3 characteristics:
Saturation limits -- the substrate concentration needed to have maximum reaction.
Specificity - Catalyzing one type of reaction.
Regulation - active/inactive only under certain of conditions.

Front 9

A cofactor is an ____ or ____ that must ___ to the ______ before substrates bind to it.

Back 9

A cofactor is an ION or MOLECULE that must BIND to the ENZYME before substrates bind to it.

Front 10

Coenzymes are ______ organic molecules that function as ________.

Back 10

Coenzymes are NON PROTEIN organic molecules that function as COFACTORS.

Front 11

Enzymes are affected by ________ and ______.

Back 11

Enzymes are affected by TEMPERATURE and PH.

Front 12

When a protein is destroyed by high temperatures or Ph alterations it is __________.

Back 12

When a protein is destroyed by high temperatures or Ph alterations it is DENATURED.

Front 13

A fried egg is an example of a protein that has been ___________.

Back 13

A fried egg is an example of a protein that has been DENATURED.

Front 14

Glycoproteins and Proteoglycans are combinations of _______ and ______ molecules.

Back 14

Glycoproteins and Proteoglycansare combinations of PROTEIN and CARBOHYDRATE molecules.

Front 15

Glycoproteins identify ______ and _____ cells in the plasma membranes.

Back 15

Glycoproteins identify NORMAL and ABNORMAL cells in the plasma membranes.

Front 16

Glycoproteins form mucus to ______.

Back 16

Glycoproteins form mucus to LUBRICATE.

Front 17

Glycoproteins are large proteins with _____ carbohydrate groups attached.

Back 17

Glycoproteins are large proteins with SMALL carbohydrate groups attached.

Front 18

Glycoproteins can serve in the plasma membrane as: (PHAEz)

Back 18

Glycoproteins can serve in the plasma membrane as:
1. Proteins/hormones
2. Antibodies
3. Enzymes

Front 19

Hemoglobin is a type of _____ protein

Back 19

Hemoglobin is a type of GLOBULAR protein

Front 20

Enzyme variants where they differ slightly in structure but catalyze the same reaction are called ____.

Back 20

Enzyme variants where they differ slightly in structure but catalyze the same reaction are called ISOZYMES.

Front 21

To go beyond its saturation point an enzyme must increase the number of its __________.

Back 21

To go beyond its saturation point an enzyme must increase the number of its MOLECULES.

Front 22

Co-factors give enzymes the ability to ________ a specific reaction.

Back 22

Co-factors give enzymes the ability to CATALYZE a specific reaction.

Front 23

Proteoglycans are large polysaccharide molecules linked by
___________ chains.

Back 23

Proteoglycans are large polysaccharide molecules linked by
PEPTIDE chains.