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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is considered acute toxicity? (number of exposures occurring over what period of time)
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single or multiple exposures occurring over 1 or 2 days
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what is considered chronic toxicity?
(number of exposures occurring over what period of time) |
multiple exposures continuing over long period of time
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what is the ability of a chemical agent to cause injury in a given situation or setting?
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hazard
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what is the expected frequency of the occurrence of an undesirable effect arising from exposure to a chemical or physical agent?
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risk
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what is the intake of a long-lasting contaminant exceeding its metabolism or excretion, leading to accumulation in tissues?
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bioaccumulation
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what is lead poisoning considered?
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bioaccumulation
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what does dose-response data represent?
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risk
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although the concentration of a contaminant may be undetectable in water, it may be magnified as it passes up the food chain. What is the term for this?
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biomagnification
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Acute toxicity with what compound results in hypoxia, psychomotor impairment, headache and tightness in the temporal area, confusion and loss of visual acuity, tachycardia, deep coma, convulsion, shock and respiratory failure?
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carbon monoxide
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what is the mechanism of action of acute toxicity of carbon monoxide?
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CO combines reversibly with oxygen-binding sites of hemoglobin. presence of carboxyhemoglobin interferes with oxygen dissociation from remaining oxyhemoglobin reducing oxygen transfer to tissues
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Which compound is a brownish irritant gas, is a deep lung irritant capable of producing pulmonary edema, and type I alveolar cells appear to be chiefly affected on acute exposure?
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nitrogen oxide
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Acute exposure to which compound results in irritation of the eyes and nose, coughing, mucoid or frothy sputum production, dyspnea, chest pain and pulmonary edema?
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nitrogen oxide
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What is the treatment for acute nitrogen oxide exposure? NO2
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no treatment
usually gas exchange with oxygenation and ventilation, bronchodilators, sedatives and antibiotics |
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Exposure to which compound results in upper respiratory tract irritation, shallow rapid breathing and decrease in pulmonary compliance?
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ozone
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which populations are at risk for exposure to ozone?
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children that play outdoors, people with lung disease, elderly, healthy adults that exert themselves outdoors, athletes exercising outdoors
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What does benzene primarily affect?
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bone marrow damage, induces chromosomal aberrations
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What does benzene cause?
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depression of the CNS, bone marrow injury, aplastic anemia, leucopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, acute myeloid leukemia
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which compounds are generated from combustion?
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carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide
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which compound results in formation of sulfurous acid on contact with moist membranes, and 90% is absorbed in the upper respiratory tract?
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sulfur dioxide
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Which compound has toxic effects of bronchial constriction, irritation of the eyes nose and throat, delayed pulmonary edema after severe exposure, chronic exposure associated with aggravation of chronic cardiopulmonary disease?
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sulfur dioxide
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