Environmental Studies Exam 1

Front 1

Describe the bee anatomy

Back 1

they have fuzzy bodies with mirrors on the sides that produce wax

Front 2

Why are bees ideal pollinators?

Back 2

They are loyal to a species, hardworking, and have fuzzy bodies

Front 3

Describe the fox guarding the henhouse analogy and give an example of it

Back 3

You cant have someone from a company do their own testing because they could skew it for their benefit. An example is that the EPA has people within a company do their own safety testing of their products

Front 4

What are the symptoms of CCD

Back 4

bees disappear, hive raiders disappear, find diseases/mites, abandoned brood, and remaining bees are very disorganized

Front 5

Draw the anatomy of a flower and properly label it

Back 5

petals, nectar guides, sepals. Female: Piston with stigma and ovules. Male: Stamen with anther and filament

Front 6

What are the ecosystem goods and services?

Back 6

1. Provisioning - can harvest directly (food/water) provision means to provide necessities. 2. Supporting services - indirectly helps us meet necessities (pollination/decomposition) 3. Cultural services - (religion/recreation) 4. Unknown

Front 7

What are cultural lenses and why do we study them?

Back 7

The beliefs, values, and perceptions that affect how people view nature and how they use/transform it. Nature is culturally constructed. There is no right way to view the environment. We study this to solve environmental problems and make compromises

Front 8

What are the eras of agriculture?

Back 8

1920's - increase of mechanism (tractors) which increased land cultivation 1950's - green revolution and the Haber-Bosh process 1990's - biotechnology (sexed semen/GM crops)

Front 9

What are the different types of farms?

Back 9

Organic - also "beyond organic" where they use sustainable practices. Traditional - typical, avg sized, uses technology. Industrial - mass quantities (CAFOs)

Front 10

What are positive and negitive externalities (and definition) of modern agriculture?

Back 10

externalities=unintended consequences. Positive: increase of technology, increase of jobs, and decrease of urban sprawl. Negative: soil erosion/nutrient depletion, surfice water degradation/depletion, dead zones, antibiotic resistance, pesticide contamination, decrease in biodiversity

Front 11

What are the uses of genetically modified food?

Back 11

resistance to pests, delay ripening, adaptability to environmental conditions, improve flavor and/or nutritional profile, increase shelf life

Front 12

What are dangers of genetically modified foods?

Back 12

allergic reactions, increased natural toxicity, resistance to antibiotics, harm to other organisms (insects to birds)

Front 13

What is rBST?

Back 13

a genetically engineered drug injected into cows to increase milk production

Front 14

Ethics vs. Paradigms

Back 14

Ethics are moral beliefs and paradigms are world views

Front 15

Anthropocentrism vs Biocentrism

Back 15

HEP: "Human Exceptionalist Paradigm" - humans seperate from nature, all problems are solvable by technology, human success is derived from control of nature, there is always more and it is all meant for us. NEP: "New Environmental Paradigm - humans evolved with nature, humans still have intricate linkages, the world is finite, nature has last word

Front 16

Can HEP and NEP overlap?

Back 16

yes, something that is a world view may not be ethical; people may not be educated in the matter

Front 17

What are the pillars of sustainability and how are they interconnected?

Back 17

Economy, society, and environment. Economy/society - changes must be affordable. Society/environment - changes must be bearable. Environment/economy - changes must be viable

Front 18

What are the main indicators of unsustainability?

Back 18

resource depletion, overpopulation, and pollution

Front 19

What is synergism?

Back 19

The interaction of multiple chemicals. It is hard to find one chemical that causes a problem because a combination most likely is the cause

Front 20

What is the example of "proprietary law"?

Back 20

Monsanto has a proprietary seed market so you need a liscense to be able to use round up

Front 21

What are the symbiotic relationships?

Back 21

Mutualism (+,+) Commensalism (+,o) Ammensalism (-,o) Competition (-,-) Antagonism (+,-) Neutralism (o,o)

Front 22

What are the main products of bees?

Back 22

Wax, honey, pollination, and propolis.

Front 23

What are the primary classes of insecticides?

Back 23

Organochlorines, organophosphates, carbomates, botanicals, insect growth regulators, and genetic engineering

Front 24

What are the supply gluts?

Back 24

New Deal Programs, Soil Bank Programs, and Conservation Reserve Program

Front 25

What are problems with "economies of scale"

Back 25

it leads to monopolies, less regard for the environment, money is less evenly dispersed, all eggs are in one basket

Front 26

What are problems with subsidies?

Back 26

There is market distortion, unhealthy diets, usually benefit large farms, can promote bad business, and lead to economies of scale

Front 27

What chemical biomagnifies and what are some of its side effects?

Back 27

DDT; causes thinning of shells and also diabetes in humans.

Front 28

What are the problems of Chinese honey?

Back 28

The low cost caused us to have a tariff. The honey is a "blend" and has antibiotics in it that cause resistance to antibiotics, allergic reactions, synergistic reactions, and endosymbiosis

Front 29

What strategies do bees have to survive the winter?

Back 29

They can stay in the hive and shake to stay warm (up to 95 degrees), hibernation, migration, or generational death.

Front 30

What are the different jobs of honey bees?

Back 30

The queen lays eggs, workers nurse, receive pollen, and forage, and drones fertilize the queen

Front 31

What are the different types of bees and how can you tell them apart?

Back 31

The queen has a very large abdomen and a curved stinger. Drones have no stinger and very large eyes. Workers have a stinger and pollen baskets on ther hind legs.

Front 32

What are the ways the bees communicate?

Back 32

Dances, piping noises to swarm, and pheromones.

Front 33

What are the different types of bee dances and what do they mean?

Back 33

Waggle - to give directions. Shake - get more foragers. Tremble - get more receivers.