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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sustainability
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A system/process can continue indefinitely without depleting resources used
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Stewardship
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Caring for something that does not belong to you
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Sound Science
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Using scientific method
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What destroys the soil?
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Demand for food, erosion, depleting minerals in soil, salinization, increased use of pesticides, and overuse of fresh water
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Ozone Depletion
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Chemicals released from the surface of the Earth destroy our ozone shield.
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What does the stratospheric ozone protect us from?
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UV rays of the sun
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How are ozone depletion and climate change different?
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They have different causes. Ozone: chemicals released from surface of Earth. Climate change: burning fossil fuels
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What is destroying biodiversity?
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Habitat destruction
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What do strong ecosystems have to have?
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Biodiversity
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Levels of organization of matter: largest to smallest
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Universe
Ecosphere/biosphere Ecosystems Communities Populations Organisms Cells Atoms |
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Where do ecosystems exist?
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Biomes
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Climate
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Average temperature over time
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Weather
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Daily variations in temperature and precipitation
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Microclimate and other abiotic factors
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Light intensity, soil type, topography
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Trophic levels
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Producers
Herbivores Primary carnivores |
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How much energy moves from one trophic level to another?
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10%
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The sun releases ___ energy, then converts it to ___ energy.
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High potential, low potential
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List the 9 limiting factors.
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Temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide, precipitation, optimum levels, zones of stress, limits of tolerance, range of tolerance.
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Synergistic effects
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The interaction of two or more limiting factors is greater than the sum of the effects when each act alone
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All matter is recycled through the ____, ____, and ____.
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Lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere
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Energy is measured in _____.
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Calories
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1st law of thermodynamics
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Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only change forms (light to chemical)
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2nd law of thermodynamics
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Energy transformation increases disorder (entropy) of the universe. Heat is the lowest grade of energy.
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Atoms
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Basic units of matter
Electron Protons Neutron |
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Chemical bonds
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How atoms are held together
Ionic Covalent |
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Molecule/Compound
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Two or more atoms bonded together
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pH scale
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Base/Alkaline- 7.1-14
Neutral- 7 Acid- 6.9-0 |
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Natural organic compounds
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Compound made up of living systems
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Synthetic organic compounds
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Man-made compounds
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How much of the sun's energy is used in photosynthesis?
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1%
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Chlorophyll
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Absorbs light to drive photosynthesis
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Plants use glucose to:
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Construct other molecules
Build their cell wall Store energy Source of energy |
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Carbon cycle turns _______ into CO2
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Hydrocarbon fuels
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What is the main reserve in the atmosphere?
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Living things must get nitrogen from ____ or ____.
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Ammonium or nitrate
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The nitrogen cycle turns nitrogen into ____ or _____.
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Ammonium or nitrate
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Fixation
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Fixes nitrogen in ground
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Nitrification
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Nitrate/Nitrite made
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Assimilation
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Becomes part of a plant
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Ammonification
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Dead material converted into ammonia
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What do man-made fertilizers contain?
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Organic phosphates
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Phosphorous is a limiting factor, so it leads to ____.
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Eutrophication
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DNA
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The set of nongenetic traits, qualities, or features that characterize a person or thing
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Chromosome
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Any of several threadlike bodies, consisting of chromatin, that carry the genes in a linear order
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Gene
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The basic physical unit of heredity; a linear sequence of nucleotides along a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesis of RNA
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Allele
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Any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are responsible for hereditary variation.
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Mutation are caused by what four things?
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Normal Variation, Chemical, UV, or Radiation
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Genetic trait
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Only passed down if an organism reproduces
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Why do species change?
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Environmental resistance and biotic potential, selective pressure on mutations, and speciation
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Loam is made of:
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40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay
Ideal soil |
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Solar energy (passive)
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Large south-facing windows, heavy drapes to trap heat at night, interior bricks to trap heat
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Solar energy (active)
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Photovoltaic (PV) paneks can be used to convert energy from the sun into electricity
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5 Ways to keep pests away
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Adjusting environmental conditions
Chemical pesticides Disease resistant varieties Crop rotation Biological controls |
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Layers of the atmosphere (outer to inner)
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Exosphere
Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere |
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Stratospheric ozone
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GOOD. Shields us from the sun's harmful UVB rays
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Ozone Depletion
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Stratospheric ozone thinning (mostly over South Pole and Australia)
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Affects of air pollution
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Health care costs, damages buildings, aethetics, and damage to plants (agriculture and forests)
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Types of indoor air pollutants
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Benzene, formaldehyde, radon, cigarette smoke
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Sources of indoor air pollutants
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off gassing from furniture, rugs and building materials, dry cleaning, cleaning fluids, disinfectants, pesticides, and heaters
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What is a "sick building"?
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Buildings with too many indoor air pollutants because more than 20% of the people are sick due to occupying the building.
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Primary outdoor air pollutants
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Direct products of combustion and evaporation
(Suspended particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides) (Nitrogen oxides can be both) |
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Secondary outdoor air pollutants
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When primary pollutants undergo further reactions in atmosphere
(Volatile organic compounds, and ozone and other photochemical oxidants) (Nitrogen oxides can be both) |
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Natural sources of air pollution
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Sulfur: volcanoes, sea spray, microbial
Nitrogen oxides: lightening, forest fires, microbial |
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Anthropogenic (human caused) sources of air pollution
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Sulfur oxides: coal burning plants, industry, fossil fuels
Nitrogen oxides: power plants, industrial fuel combustion, transportation Effect areas hundreds of miles from the source of emissions, generally not the whole globe |
