Environmental Science

Front 1

Primary pollutants are those that are

Back 1

released directly in dangerous forms.

Front 2

Secondary pollutants

Back 2

become dangerous after reacting in the atmosphere.

Front 3

________ is/are examples of secondary pollutants.

Back 3

Photochemical oxidants

Front 4

Which of the following criteria pollutants result from burning coal?
sulfur dioxide
methane
photochemical oxidants
nitrogen oxide
carbon monoxide

Back 4

sulfur dioxide

Front 5

Sulfur trioxide:
is a secondary pollutant.
All of these.
reacts with water to form sulfuric acid.
is formed by the oxidation of sulfur dioxide.
is a major component of acid rain.

Back 5

All of these.

Front 6

The term NOx is often used because

Back 6

NO2 and NO easily convert into each other.

Front 7

The brown haze in smog is caused by

Back 7

NO2.

Front 8

A common example of a photochemical oxidant is

Back 8

NO2.

Front 9

Carbon monoxide is produced by

Back 9

incomplete burning of fuels.

Front 10

The most common metallic air pollutant is

Back 10

lead.

Front 11

Lead is dangerous because it acts as a(n)

Back 11

neurotoxin.

Front 12

An aerosol is

Back 12

any liquid droplet or solid particle suspended in air.

Front 13

The most dangerous air-borne particulates are those

Back 13

small enough to be drawn into the lungs

Front 14

Which of the following is not a volatile organic compound?

benzene
methane
formaldehyde
chlorofluorocarbons
terpene

Back 14

chlorofluorocarbons

Front 15

A major source of VOCs is

Back 15

incomplete burning of hydrocarbons.

Front 16

You just picked up your dry cleaning and are headed home in your car. Your windows are up so you are probably not smelling anything from the car exhaust or other sources on the road. What criteria pollutant are you probably smelling?

Back 16

Volatile organic compounds

Front 17

Ozone is produced by

Back 17

photochemical oxidation.

Front 18

Aesthetic degradation is a term that describes

Back 18

noises, odors, and light pollution.

Front 19

Which of the following statements is true?
Most carbon monoxide produced in the United States comes from internal combustion engines (cars).
Nearly all emissions of sulfur compounds are anthropogenic.
Volatile organic compounds are produced exclusively by human activity.
Overall, in the past twenty years air pollution conditions have steadily decreased in most North American and West European cities.
None of these statements are true

Back 19

Most carbon monoxide produced in the United States comes from internal combustion engines (cars).

Front 20

The pollution control measure that would be most effective in saving human lives would be

Back 20

banning smoking.

Front 21

Formaldehyde is an especially problematic indoor pollutant because it is

Back 21

used in so many household materials.

Front 22

Radon in houses comes from

Back 22

radioactive decay in the Earth below a house.

Front 23

Radon in homes is suspected of causing

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cancer.

Front 24

A temperature inversion occurs when

Back 24

stable warm air overlays cold air.

Front 25

Los Angeles has especially bad inversion problems because it

Back 25

is in a warm climate and is partly ringed by mountains.

Front 26

Stable air masses over cities and warm updrafts between tall buildings often create _________ in and near cities.

Back 26

dust domes of suspended pollutants

Front 27

Native peoples living in the Canadian Arctic have some of the highest recorded PCB concentrations in their bodies because of

Back 27

long-range transport of airborne pollutants.

Front 28

_____ozone is harmful, damaging plants and human health while ozone at the _______ levels screens out mutagenic ultraviolet radiation.

Back 28

Trophosphere
stratosphere

Front 29

The "ozone hole" is a depletion currently most serious

Back 29

near the poles.

Front 30

Pollutants such as chlorofluorocarbons deplete atmospheric ozone

Back 30

when chlorine-containing molecules are oxidized at the expense of O3.

Front 31

There are serious signs that ozone depletion may lead to (select all that apply):
IR caused sunburn
None of these
UV- caused blindness
UV- caused skin cancers

Back 31

UV- caused blindness
UV- caused skin cancers

Front 32

Persistent inflammation of bronchi in the lungs is known as

Back 32

bronchitis.

Front 33

Asthma is a shortness of breath caused by

Back 33

sudden muscle spasms in the bronchial walls.

Front 34

An irreversible obstructive lung disease is called

Back 34

emphysema.

Front 35

Sudbury, Ontario's copper-nickel smelter is notorious for having

Back 35

destroyed the local ecosystem with sulfur-laden smoke.

Front 36

Acid precipitation often occurs downwind from _______ industries.

Back 36

coal-burning or smelting

Front 37

On a pH scale, pH 4 is _______ as pH 8.

Back 37

10,000 times as acidic

Front 38

One of the principal ways lakes suffer from acid deposition is that

Back 38

fish eggs die and fish populations fall.

Front 39

Which of the following does not make streams and lakes (and the associated organisms) especially sensitive to acid deposition?
Fish populations are already small.
They are alkaline, with calcium-rich bedrock.
Soils and rocks provide little buffering capacity.
All of these do not make streams and lakes especially sensitive to acid deposition
Mercury and aluminum are found in the rocks.

Back 39

Soils and rocks provide little buffering capacity.

Front 40

What type of buildings and monuments are most susceptible to acid damage?

Back 40

limestone and marble

Front 41

Tall smokestacks are effective ways of

Back 41

displacing and dispersing pollution.

Front 42

Large filter bags can be used by industries to _________ airborne pollutants.

Back 42

trap

Front 43

Electrostatic precipitators prevent fly ash escape by

Back 43

using electrodes to give particles an electrostatic charge.

Front 44

Mixing limestone with coal can reduce sulfur emissions because the limestone's

Back 44

calcium bonds with the sulfur.

Front 45

Cars use ______ to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions.

Back 45

catalytic converters.

Front 46

The use of scrubbers, precipitators, and filters on power plants and other "smokestack" industries probably accounts for a(n)

Back 46

decrease in sulfur oxides and solid particulate matter.