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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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meteorite
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general term for any extraterrestrial object which is large enough to make a crater in Earth's surface
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impact crater
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Formed when a meteorite (asteroid or comet) crashes into a larger planetary body that
has a solid surface, such as the Earth. |
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How many impact craters are on Earth's surface?
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160
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Barringer Crater in Arizona
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Nearly 1.2 kilometers
across.170 meters deep. Formed approximately 49,000 years ago by the impact of a nickel/iron meteorite 50 meters in diameter, traveling at a velocity of 11 kilometers per second. |
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Effects of Meteorite Collision
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On land: Earthquakes up to 13 on the Richter scale. Aftershocks, wildfires.
In water: Tsunamis, vaporization of matter, materials at the site of impact are vaporized, and in either case, great quantities of smoke, dust and gases form debris that could block out the sun and cause destruction of ecosystems and winter temperatures. |
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5 factors that determine the size of an impact crater
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(a) asteroid diameter, (b)asteroid density, (c) velocity
of the asteroid as it encounters Earth's atmosphere, (d) the angle at which the asteroid approaches Earth's surface, and (e) the density of the material that the asteroid strikes at Earth's surface. |
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Difference Between Hypothesis and Prediction
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Hypothesis: a testable "educated guess"
Prediction: what is thought to happen if hypothesis is true under certain circumstances |
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Independent Variable
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Changed intentionally at the beginning of the experiment. 2 different cases must be examined.
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Dependent Variable
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may be affected by the changes to the independent variable.
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Control
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must be kept the same in all trials in order to be sure that the changes in the dependent variable truly result to the changes in the independent variable.
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The Geysers
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largest complex of geothermal power plants in the world. Run by calpine power company, produces enough power to run 725,000 homes. Steam power.
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Geothermal Energy
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Conversion of heat from the earth to steam for energy.
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isotope
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One of two or more atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers
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atomic number
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number of protons in an atom
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mass number
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protons + neutrons in an atom
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compound
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molecule whose atoms are composed of two or more elements
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characteristics of water
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- Absorb large amount of heat
- Ice less dense than liquid - Polarity - Strong cohesion |
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Water polarity
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there is an uneven distribution of electron density which helps from the hydrogen bond
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Cohesion
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water is attracted to itself
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Potential Energy
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stored energy (ex: energy from food)
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Kinetic energy
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energy of motion
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entropy
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energy goes from more-ordered to less ordered (entropy)
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3 major sources of energy
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solar radiation
tides Earth's internal heat |
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Products of cellular respiration
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carbon dioxide, water, energy (ATP and heat)
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Products of Chemosynthesis
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glucose, sulfate
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Primary layers of earth
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Core, mantle, continental crust, oceanic crust
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Lithosphere
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made up of uppermost mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust
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3 different types of plate movement
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divergence, convergence, transformation
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transform plate boundary
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plate boundaries are under water, sliding against each other
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subduction
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one plate moves under the other
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divergent plate boundary
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volcanoes form when plates separate and magma flows up from below. Happens at fault lines. (ex: mid-atlantic ocean)
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strike-slip fault
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transform plate boundary
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environmental hotspots
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magma comes up and eventually forms islands
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Mt. Kilauea
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continuous eruption
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Mt. St. Helens
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sudden explosion releasing volcanic ash and debris in the air
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tsunami
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water gains speed and momentum and then breaks against land
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Japan Earthquake cause
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pacific plate shift
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Aral sea
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almost completely gone to do haphazard irrigation in the Soviet Union
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Tragedy of the Commons
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depletion of a shared and limited resource due to individual self-interest
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triple bottom line
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people, environment, economy. When they are all in harmony, you get sustainability.
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scientific method
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observations, questions, hypothesis, predictions, test, results
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Easter island
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depleted resources until they brought on their downfall
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