Environmental Physiology Of Domestic Animals

Front 1

Radiation

Back 1

Heat transfer without the aid of a material medium

Front 2

Conduction

Back 2

flow of heat through solid material

Front 3

Convection

Back 3

Heat transport by streams of molecules through a flowing medium

Front 4

Factors that affect heat flow

Back 4

Effective surface area
Temperature difference
Thermal conductivity of conductor

Front 5

Tastebuds

Back 5

Dorsal and lateral portion of tongue
Chemoreceptors
High turnover

Front 6

Flavors sensed by tastebuds

Back 6

sweet
sour
salty
bitter
umami

Front 7

optic chiasm

Back 7

where Optic Nerve meets the brain

Front 8

Factors that affect Evaporation

Back 8

Surface Area
Vapor Pressure Gradiant (humidity)

Front 9

Factors that affect Convection

Back 9

Effective Surface Area
Temperature Difference
Air Speed

Front 10

Factors that affect Radiation

Back 10

Effective Surface Area
Surface absorptivity/emmissivity (color)
Temperature of surfaces

Front 11

Poikilotherm

Back 11

changes temperature with ambient conditions

Front 12

Kinetic energy

Back 12

proportional to Absolute temp (K)

Front 13

Thermal Energy

Back 13

average molecular motion witin a material

Front 14

Homoeotherm

Back 14

maintains temperature despite ambient conditions

Front 15

endothermy

Back 15

relies on metabolism for heat

Front 16

somatosensory systems

Back 16

touch/pressure
joint sensation
temperature: cold, warm receptors

Front 17

Visual system

Back 17

photoreceptor
retina
rods/cones
optic nerves

Front 18

Auditory system

Back 18

pinna
tympanic
hair cells
external auditory meatus
otic/oto: ear

Front 19

Vesticular System

Back 19

Balance
hair cells
linear and rotational acceleration

Front 20

Gustation

Back 20

tastebuds:chemoreceptors

Front 21

Olfaction

Back 21

Main olfactory
Accessory olfactory: pheromones

Front 22

transducer

Back 22

transforms one type of energy into another form

codes intensity through the frequency of the Action Potential

Front 23

brown fat

Back 23

more mitochondria
thermogenic
found in neonates
never endings release norepinephrine

Front 24

Non-shivering thermogenesis

Back 24

thyroxine from the thyroid gland increases metabolism

Front 25

gular flutter

Back 25

evaporative thermoregulation used by some birds through pulsation of the esophagus

Front 26

torpor

Back 26

body temperature declines during a portion of the day (usually night) to conserve engergy

Front 27

Radon

Back 27

Carcinogenic
rocks, soil, basements
Alpha particle emmitter
heaver than air
20,000 death a year

Front 28

Silo Gas

Back 28

Nitrogen Dioxide NO2
Heavier than air
binds to water in lungs
NO2+H20=nitric acid
made by fermantation
bleach odor, yellowish brown tint

Front 29

Surface area of lungs

Back 29

100m
thin-1 cell thick

Front 30

surface area of human skin

Back 30

2 m

Front 31

hyperbaric chambers

Back 31

2-3atm

Front 32

Carbon Monoxide

Back 32

CO
binds to hemoglobin and replaces O2

Front 33

Lee-Boot effect

Back 33

suppression or prolongation of estrus cycles when females are housed together and isolated from males

Front 34

Bruce Effect

Back 34

unfamiliar males causes abortion pre or post implantation up to day 17.

Front 35

Asphyxiation

Back 35

deficient supply of O2 to the body by way of
-chemical
-physical obstruction
-compressive forces
-smothering

Front 36

Whitten Effect

Back 36

male affects a group of females and synchronizes estrus cycles

Front 37

McClintock Effect

Back 37

menstrual synchrony in humans

Front 38

serendipity

Back 38

discovery of something not saught after

Front 39

pheremone

Back 39

chemical that transmits a message to other members of the same species

Front 40

Main olfactory location

Back 40

dorsal, caudal, on Cranial Nerve 1

Front 41

Accessory olfactory location

Back 41

ventral, rostral

Front 42

Cohorts

Back 42

same age, species, location

Front 43

confounded

Back 43

confusing, unclear, mistake one thing for another

Front 44

1/2 life of oxytocin

Back 44

1 minute

Front 45

1/2 life of melatonin

Back 45

35-50 minutes

Front 46

scotoperiod

Back 46

period of darkness

Front 47

circadian rhythm

Back 47

cycle that repeats every 24 hours

Front 48

circennial rhythm

Back 48

repeats yearly

Front 49

corpus collasum

Back 49

band of neural tissue, hemisphere communication

Front 50

long day breeders

Back 50

horse, cats, wolves

Front 51

short day breeders

Back 51

sheep

Front 52

Left Brain

Back 52

logic, language

Front 53

Right Brain

Back 53

creative

Front 54

pineal gland

Back 54

inhibited by light
on median plane (midsagittal)
Collects Flouride

Front 55

H2S

Back 55

Hydrogen Sulfide (Sewer Gas)
Colorless, Heavier than air
Rotten Egg odor
Eye Irritant
Displaces O2

Front 56

CO2

Back 56

Carbon Dioxide
Colorless
Odorless
Heavier than Air

Front 57

NH3

Back 57

Ammonia
lighter than air
eye irritant

Front 58

CH4

Back 58

Methane
lighter than air
odorless
explosive
colorless

Front 59

anastimosis

Back 59

2 tubes put together

Front 60

Hypoxia

Back 60

low oxygen levels in the environment
occurs at high altitude
less than 21% oxyge

Front 61

Hyperbaric Chamber

Back 61

corrects pressure levels in the body
Used to treat injury such as CO poisoning
greater than 1 atm
opposite of high altitude

Front 62

phytochemical

Back 62

chemical synthesized by plants

Front 63

anogenital distance

Back 63

distance between the prepuce or vulva and anus
larger in male

Front 64

hypoxemia

Back 64

low O2 concentration in the blood
emphysemia

Front 65

asphyxiation

Back 65

low O2 levels in the blood caused by physical obstruction, compression, smothering, CO2 level, etc

Front 66

Brisket disease

Back 66

high altitude disease in cattle
right heart failure
arterial pressure builds until fluids leak from the bloodstream and collect in the brisket

Front 67

cohorts

Back 67

individuals of the same species, age, location

Front 68

diurnal

Back 68

active during the day

Front 69

pheromone

Back 69

chemical that transmits a message to the other members of the same species

Front 70

analog

Back 70

stucture similiar to parent compoud

Front 71

antagonist

Back 71

hormone with actions opposite of parent compound

Front 72

agonist

Back 72

hormone that imitates another hormone
compound with actions simiiar to the parent compound

Front 73

High altitude

Back 73

Decreased [O2]
Increases RBC, hematocrit, PCV
Increased EPO

Front 74

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Back 74

protein hormone from kidney (renal hormone)

Front 75

VNO

Back 75

Vomeronasal organs
Jacobson's organ
olfactoray sac in the roof of the mouth