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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tobacco
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leading cause (really a risk factor) premature death and cancer in United States
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Nicotine
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most addictive substance; attaches to nicotinic cholinergic receptors
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Tobacco induced cancers
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lung, oropharynx, larynx, pancreas, kidney, bladder
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Alcohol
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CNS depressant (cortex, limbic system); legally drunk 80-100 mg/dL
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Alcohol cellular effect
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induces SER hyperplasia; increases alcohol metabolism
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MCC of: folate/thiamine deficiency; sideroblastic anemia; liver fatty change; pancreatitis
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Alcohol
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Alcohol systemic effects
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hypoglycemia; lactic/ketoacidosis; inc triglyceride; AST > ALT; increased GGT
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Ketoacidosis in alcoholic
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3-hydroxybutyric acid
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Heroin
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poppy plant; non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema; focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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MPTP (methamphetamine)
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meperidine derivative; produces parkinsonism;
accidentally made while trying to make demerol in a lab |
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Cocaine
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blocks uptake of dopamine/norepinephrine; mydriasis; AMI, CNS infarction
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Marijuana
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tetrahydrocannabinol binds basal ganglia receptors; delayed reaction time; red conjunctiva
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Intravenous drug abuse
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HBV hepatitis MC systemic disease
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Acetaminophen toxicity
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damage by FR acetaminophen; liver cell necrosis; renal papillary necrosis
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Rx acetaminophen toxicity
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N-acetylcysteine (increases synthesis of glutathione)
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Salicylate toxicity
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metabolic acidosis + respiratory alkalosis; hyperthermia; tinnitus, vertigo
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Estrogen risks
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thromboembolism; cholestasis; endometrial/breast cancer
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Oral contraceptives
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cholestasis, thrombosis, folate deficiency, hypertension, hepatic adenoma
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Hemolytic anemia
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penicillin, methyldopa, quinidine
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Aplastic anemia
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benzene, chloramphenicol
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Qualitative platelet dysfunction
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non-steroidals
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Thrombocytopenia
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heparin, quinidine
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Macrocytic anemia
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methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, phenytoin, OC, alcohol
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Congestive cardiomyopathy
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doxorubicin, daunorubicin
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Interstitial fibrosis
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bleomycin, methotrexate
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Hemorrhagic gastritis
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iron toxicity, nonsteroidals
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Liver necrosis
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acetaminophen, isoniazid, salicylates, halothane, isotretinoin acid
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Cholestasis
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anabolic steroids, OC
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Fatty change in liver
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amiodarone, tetracycline, alcohol
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Photosensitive rash
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tetracycline
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SLE-like symptoms
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procainamide, hydralazine
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Isopropyl alcohol
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inc acetone; CNS dysfunction
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Lead
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microcytic anemia, nephrotoxic ATN (proximal tubule), gout, encephalopathy, neuropathy
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Mercury
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fish (tuna, salmon); nephrotoxic ATN; constricted visual fields
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Organophosphates
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blocks acetylcholine esterase; miosis; paralysis; Rx: atropine, pralidoxime
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Polyvinyl chloride
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plastic pipes; angiosarcoma of liver
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Scorpion sting
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paralysis, hypertension, pancreatitis
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Crotaline bite
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rattlesnakes, water moccasin, copperhead; DIC; serum sickness
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Coral snake bite
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neurotoxin; binds to presynaptic nerve terminals and acetylcholine receptors
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Contact gunshot wound
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soot + gunpowder (fouling)
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Intermediate gunshot wound
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powder tattooing
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Distant gunshot wound
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no powder tattooing; exit wound larger than entrance
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Motor vehicle accidents
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leading cause accidental death between 1-39 yrs of age
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Burns
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis MC COD
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First degree burn
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painful; complete healing
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Second degree burn
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painful; blister; complete healing
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Third degree burn
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painless; scarring
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Frostbite
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painless; ice crystallization in cells
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Electrical injury
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AC worse than DC; decreasing resistance (wet skin) increases current
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House fires
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carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning
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Heat exhaustion
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fever and sweating
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Heat stroke
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fever and anhidrosis
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Near drowning
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survival following asphyxia due to submersion
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Wet drowning
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initial laryngospasm then relaxation and water into lungs
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Dry drowning
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intense laryngospasm without aspiration
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Cold water drowning
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shunts blood from periphery to central core
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Drowning
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hypoxemia key COD
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Acute mountain sickness
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headache MC; non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema (immediate descent)
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High altitude
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normal %02; decreased barometric pressure; respiratory alkalosis; T 2,3 BPG
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Ionizing radiation
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DNA most susceptible protein
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Ionizing radiation
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lymphoid tissue most radiosensitive; bone least radiosensitive
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Ionizing radiation cancers
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leukemia (most common); thyroid cancer; osteogenic sarcoma
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UVB-related cancers
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basal cell carcinoma (most common); squamous cancer; melanoma
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