Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Particle size:__-__ microns do not reach distal airways, __-__ microns impact at bifurcation on distal airways, __ microns act as a gas
|
5-10, 1-5, .5
|
|
|
Particle concentration:__-__ppm overcomes scrubbing action
|
1-5 ppm
|
|
|
Non neoplastic lung reaction to mineral dust like silica & coal, macrophage phagocytosis & release of mediators --> fibrosis
|
Pneumoconiosis
|
|
|
Slowly progressive nodular fibrosis mostly in upper lobes, quartz smaller that a micron is retained & causes fibrosis (sandblasters & miner workers)
|
Silicosis
|
|
|
Diffuse parenchymal interstitial fibrosis, bronchiogenic carcinoma, localized fibrous plaques on pleural surface, mesiothelioma, lower lobes of lungs
|
Asbestosis
|
|
|
which is the more pathological form of asbestosis, Amphibole or Serpentine?
|
Amphibole
|
|
|
most common cause of preventable mortality, slows healing, contains carcinogens, toxins, CO, & nicotine
|
smoking
|
|
|
Then best indicator nicotine intake is _________ blood/urine levels
|
Continine
|
|
|
Cancer of the lung, Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, MI, Systemic atherosclerosis, oral cancer are all effects of _________
|
Smoking
|
|
|
Causes decreased O2 to heart (lung disease), contaction of coronary arteries, ventricular fibrillation & increased risk of MI
|
Smoking
|
|
|
Can cause anaplastic anemia
|
Chloramphenicol
|
|
|
Can cause hemolytic anemia & anaphylaxis
|
Penicillin
|
|
|
Can cause acute tubular necrosis
|
Aminoglycosides
|
|
|
Can cause asthma & tinnitus
|
Salicylate (asprin)
|
|
|
Can cause Hepatic change
|
Tetracycline, Tylenol
|
|
|
Can cause Lupus
|
Hydralazine
|
|
|
Can cause respiratory depression
|
sedatives
|
|
|
Which is NOT an effect of exogenous estrogen: Enometrial carcinoma, breast carcinoma, thrombo-embolism, & cardiovascular disease.
|
Cardio disease is actually reduced by estrogen, endometrial c. increase when used alone, breast c. worse in combination w/ progestin
|
|
|
Breast carcinoma (after 45) and cervical carcinoma (risk based on lifestyle) are effects of oral contraceptives. OC is protective against endometrial carcinoma and ovarian carcinoma (T/F)
|
True; True
|
|
|
Oral antibiotics increase the effect of oral contraceptives
|
FALSE
|
|
|
Acetaminophen over dose (15-25g) can lead to _____ _____
|
liver failure
|
|
|
An overdose (10-30g) of what leads to gastric ulcers, bleeding (by stoping formation of thromboxane 2), fluid electrolyte imbalance, respiratory alkalosis, & netabolic acidosis
|
Asprin
|
|
|
_____________ is responsible for the damage in ethanol overdose (a metabolite)
|
Acetaldehyde
|
|
|
Most addictive of all drugs(intense euphoria), no physical dependance, psychological withdrawal difficult (years)
|
Cocaine (yes, Nic you crack head)
|
|
|
Can cause life threatening situation in dental chair due to epi in local anesthesia --> arrhythmias (it blocks epi reuptake)
|
cocaine
|
|
|
Cocaine cause all of the following except: fatal arrhythmias, open pupils, talkativeness, normal anxiety, jitteriness, tremor
|
normal anxiety, it resembles it but must be differentiated from
|
|
|
Acute effects of cocaine cause all of the following except: dialated pupils, vasoconstriction, rise in BP, tachycardia, arrhythmia, platelet aggregation, hyperpyrexia (high body temp), & rhabdomylosis (degeneration of muscle)
|
all of the above are effects
|
|
|
Chronic effects of cocaine cause all of the following except: perforation of nasal septum, increased lung capacity, dilated cardiomyopathy
|
increased lung capacity (should be decreased)
|
|
|
Heroin cause all of the following except: pupil constriction, xerostomia, slurred speech, pain reaction threshold decreased
|
pain reaction threshold decreased--it is actually INCREASED
|
|
|
T or F: cocaine is more hazardous than heroin.
|
FALSE
|
|
|
You can die from heroin overdose from all of the following except: respiratory arrest, severe hemmorrhage, arrythmia, cardiac arrest.
|
severe hemmorrage
|
|
|
What is the initial "rush" of heroin due to?
|
histamine release
|
|
|
What stage of heroin use includes the following symptoms: vasoconstriction, sweating, pupillary dilation
|
cold turkey stage
|
|
|
Which heart valves can become infected due to side effects of heroin use?
|
right sided heart valves
|
|
|
All of the following are side effects of heroin use except: pulmonary edema, viral hepatitis, hypopigmentation, amyloidosis, constipation.
|
hypopigmentation (should be HYPERpigmentation)
|
|
|
T or F: Heroin addicts should be prescribed opiate analgesics.
|
False, Biatch!!!!
|
|
|
T or F: NSAIDS should be prescribed for heroin addicts
|
TRUE
|
|
|
Vicodin, Vicoprofen, and Lortab are all_______.
|
Hydrocodones
|
|
|
What do the effects of Hydrocodones mimic?
|
Morphine
|
|
|
What definition? Compulsive, obsessive pattern of abuse. Abuser feels life is impossible w/out the
|
Psychological abuse
|
|
|
What definition? Manifestation of withdrawal syndrome. Body goes through unpleasant experiences if user suddenly stops .
|
physiological abuse
|
|
|
What is the most widely used illegal ?
|
mary jane baby, light it up
|
|
|
delta-9 tertrahydro cannabinol is the psychoactive substance in what ?
|
marijuana
|
|
|
In california where the reefer is legal for medicinal purposes, what treatement is it effective for?
|
glaucoma and radiation sickness
|
|
|
T or F: marijuana can cause birth defects
|
true, through chromosomal damage
|
|
|
all of the following are effects of methamphetamine except: temporary mood elevation, exhilaration (high), Increased mental alertness, sleepiness
|
sleepiness
|
|
|
T or F: you can become addicted to meth from just one use.
|
TRUE
|
|
|
All of the following are side effects of meth use except: heart irregularities, Low pressure, depression, restlessness, tremors, severe fatigue.
|
Low pressure
|
|
|
what level of caffeine increases performance?
|
30-200 mg
|
|
|
what level of caffeine makes you a wired, crazed lunatic?
|
>500 mg
|
|
|
the acceptable limit for lead intake is ____ ug/dl; __________lead is more hazardous; ___% of ingested is absorbed; ____% ingested by kids is absorbed; ____% is taken up by bone; and lead binds to _________.
|
25; volatized; 10; 50; 80; disulfides
|
|
|
Formation of zinc protoporphyrin, gum line effect, anemia, and lines in your bones, a "wrist drop" (sort of like eric's) are all characteristic of what?
|
lead poisoning
|
|
|
what causes basophilic stippling of RBC's?
|
lead
|
|
|
Hemoglobin has 200 times more affinity for ___ than _______.
|
CO; Oxygen
|
|
|
In regards to CO poisoning, ________ ________ occurs at 20-30% saturation, and _____________ occurs at 60-70% saturation.
|
systemic hypoxia; unconsciousness
|
|
|
How quickly can you die if you leave your car running in your garage?
|
five minutes
|
|
|
What disease? Slight headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue
|
mild exposure to CO
|
|
|
what disease? Throbbing headache, drowsiness, fast heart rate
|
medium exposure to CO
|
|
|
what disease? Convusions, uncosciousness, heart & lung failure, brain damage and possibly
|
severe exposure to CO
|
|
|
What people are are most affected by CO poisoning?
|
unborn babies, infants, ppl w/ heart disease
|
|
|
Oral contraceptives do NOT cause which one of the following: Thrombo embolism, Hypertension, Cardiovascular disease, Coronary artery disease
|
Coronary artery disease
|
|
|
P-450 is an enzyme that helps detoxify ethanol & medications (T/F)
|
True
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of liver injury/cirrhosis (from environmental factors)?
|
Alcohol (chronic alcoholism)
|
|
|
Which is a positive effect of alcohol: cerebral atrophy, cerebellar degeneration, optic neuropathy, inc HDL in , oral cancer.
|
inc in HDL
|
