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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. no edema 2. somatic protein reduction 3. alert 4. normal serum albumin 5. reduced subcutaneous fat 6. lipofuscin 7. infections |
marasmus |
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1. edema 2. visceral protein reduction 3. apathic 4. reduced serum albumin 5. normal subcutaneous fat 6. infections 7. skin scaling and pigmentation irregularities |
kwashiorkor
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loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness, and significant loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight
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cachexia
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1. night blindness 2. squamous metaplasia 3. keratomalacia, bitot spots, corneal ulcer |
Vitamin A deficiency
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what happens in viamin D deficiency?
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1. low vitD will lower serum Ca & PO4 levels 2. low serum Ca2+ induces an increase in PTH 3. PTH will increase serum calcium (serum phosphate will not be restored) at the cost of having poor bone mineralization |
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1. incision not healing well 2. collagen tensile strength problem 3. ptx not eating fruits nor vegetables 4. gum bleeding 5. subperiosteal hemorrhages 6. skin petechiae |
vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)
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endometrial cancer has a direct association with
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obesity
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_________ particles that are less than_____ in diameter are the most harmful.
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Fine or ultrafine; 10 μm
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hemoglobin is 20% to 30% saturated with CO; 60% to 70% saturation.
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Systemic hypoxia; ded
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80-85% absorbed in bone & teeth; competes with calcium; CNS disturbances, peripheral neuropathy predominates in adults; children have higher absorption
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lead
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What's the name of the abnormal red cells precursors seen by the toxic effects of lead?
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ringed sideroblasts = RBC precursor with iron-laden mitochondria; also RBCs have punctate basophilic stippling
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1. associated with gingivitis, tremors, bizzare behavior, Minamata disease 2. Route of entry mostly inhaled but can be acquired from fish consumption 3. Dental amalgams contain it |
lead
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1. acute toxic effects in GI, cardio & CNS (sensorimotor neuropathy causing paresthesia) 2. chronic exposure increases incidence of lung and skin cancer 3. skin changes consisting of hyperpigmentation/hyperkeratosis; skin tumors or "warts" are multiple and appear on palms and soles |
arsenic
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1. Can be exposed in mining, certain batteries 2. Obstructive lung disease by necrosis of alveolar Mo's 3.. Kidney damage (tubular damage) may result in end-stage renal disease 4. increased risk of lung cancer |
cadmium
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1. Causes tracheobronchial mucosa damage & bronchitis and emphysema 2. Exposure is a mixture that contains many carcinogens 3. Ten-fold increase of lung carcinoma with asbestos exposure (synergism) |
smoking
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1. Two types: one can remove elcectrons 2. treatment in cancer, imaging... 3. adverse short & long-term effects include fibrosis, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and teratogenesis |
radiation
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