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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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universal solvent |
a lot of things can dissolve into it |
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high heat capacity |
a lot of energy needed to change temperature |
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high heat of vaporization |
extra energy needed to turn into gas |
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watershed |
land area that drains into a river or body of water |
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ground water |
collects in aquifers over millions of years |
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subsidence |
sinking |
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sinkholes |
collapse |
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saltwater intrusion |
as freshwater is depleted, saltwater seeps upward toward point of extraction |
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dams |
Control flooding, hold water in reserve for drinking, and electricity generation |
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aqueducts |
bring water to dry areas |
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desalinization |
remove salt from sea water |
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unconfined aquifer |
open at top w/ impermeable layer below; can be recharged from above |
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confined aquifer |
impermeable layers above & below; recharge zone limited & far away |
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aquifer |
a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater |
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water pollution |
any change in water quality which adversely affects living organisms |
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point source pollution |
one identifiable point of discharge |
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non-point source |
can't identify one point of entry |
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infectious pollutants |
source: untreated animal or human waste |
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Biological oxygen demand |
measures how much oxygen is used in a water sample in 5 days |
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plant nutrients |
phosphates & nitrates |
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thermal pollution |
an abrupt and unnatural increase in water temperature |
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primary treatment |
remove solids |
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secondary treatment |
biological decomposition of organic wastes |
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tertiary treatment |
removal of plant nutrients & pathogens |
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sludge |
(leftover) can be incinerated, land filled, land applied, composed, or digested |
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detritus food web |
creates food web |
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detritus |
organic litter, debris, dung |
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topsoil |
organic matter (humus), living organisms, inorganic minerals |
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zone of leaching |
dissolved or suspended materials move downward |
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subsoil |
accumulation of iron, aluminum, humic compounds, and clay leached down from the A and E horizons |
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weathered parent material |
partially broken down inorganic minerals |
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parent materials |
base rock material |
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desertification |
converting into desert |
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EPA |
sets limits of pesticide residues on food; regulates sale and use of pesticides |
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FDA & USDA |
enforces regulation |
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subsistence agriculture |
growing enough to survive |
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yield |
amount of food cultivated/acre |
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monocultures |
growing one crop on a field at a time |
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fertilizer |
increased growth |
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herbacide |
decreased competition |
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pesticide |
decrease loss |
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irrigation |
regular water supply |
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mechanization of farm land |
work more land |
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the most important crops |
wheat, rice, corn |
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food insecure |
households uncertain of having, or unable to acquire, enough food to meet the needs of all their members |
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low food security |
obtained enough food to avoid substantially disrupting eating patterns or reducing food intake by using coping strategies |
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very low food security |
normal eating patterns of one or more household members disrupted, food intake reduced due to insufficient money or other resources |
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sustainable agriculture goals |
economically, ecologically, adequate output, preserves fresh water supply |
