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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Earth and solar system formed about
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4.6 billion
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Most of the increase in the World's population is currently taking place
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the less developed nations
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The World's Population is currently growing by 10,000 people every
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hour
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Which property is useful in identifying almost all minerals
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hardness
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The property in minerals that is most variable and often misleading is
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color
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The sedimentary rock made of organic material is
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coal
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Based on the description of the health risks of asbestos in the textbook, we should
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reduce emphasis on asbestos removal since the type of asbestos in 95% of industrial applications has never been demonstrated to cause cancer at the levels found in schools and public buildings
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Igneous rocks that form below the ground are
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plutonic
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The Igneous that makes up the ocean crust is
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basalt
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Minerals and rocks that are rich in iron and magnesium and are dark, are classed as
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mafic
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Which of the following rocks is not volcanic
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slate
These are: Obsidian, Basalt, Andesite, Rhyolite |
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Sedimentary rock that was made up of material that was once living are classed as
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organic
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A sedimentary rock made of angular pebble-sized fragments is called
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breccia
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Which of the following is a metamorphic rock?
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schist
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The part of the earth that makes up 80% of the earth's volume
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mantle
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A mountain range currently being formed by continent to continent collision is the
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Himalayas
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The process that moves the plates is
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convection
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Subduction occurs at
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trenches
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Japan is found at what type of plate boundary
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converging
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All of the Earth's ocean floor was created in
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mid-ocean ridges
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The San Andres Fault is found at
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a transform plate boundary
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The theory of continental drift was proposed by
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Wegener
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Which plate are you currently on?
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Pacific
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The islands produced by a hot spot in the mantle are
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Hawaiian
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You would find cold, sinking mantle under
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converging plate
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A break in rocks where there has not been relative motion is called a
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joint
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The side of a fault below the fault surface is called the
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foot wall
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A thrust fall is a type of
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reverse fault
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In California we have
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- Normal Faults
- Reverse Faults - Strike-slip Faults All three types |
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Gradual, slow movements along a fault is called
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creep
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A graben is a basin between two
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normal faults
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The type of wave that arrives first following an earthquake is the
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P
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S waves
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can not pass through a liquid
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Triangulation from 3 seismograph locations is done to
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locate the epicenter
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The machine used to measure earthquakes is called the
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seismograph
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The point where an earthquakes' waves originate is called the
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focus
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Lake Elsinore is an example of a
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sag pond
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The boundary between Mojave Desert and the Basin and Range regions of California is what fault
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Garlock
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The largest earthquake likely to occur in Southern California is expected to be on the
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San Andreas fault
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The earthquake that will do the most damage to Orange County is expected to be on the
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Newport-Inglewood fault
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The odds of getting a foreshock before a large quake are
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5%
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What type of rock will experience the most shaking during an earthquake
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young sedimentary
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The Mercalli intensity of an earthquake
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is based on the shaking observed at a particular location
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A seismic gap is
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a segment of an active fault where an earthquake has not occurred for a long time
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The energy released by a magnitude 8 earthquake would be how many times the energy released by a magnitude 5 earthquake
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27,000
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The waves produced by a magnitude 6 earthquake will be how many times the energy released by a magnitude 4 earthquake
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100
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Which of the following mountains formed as "pressure ridges" at a bend in the San Andreas fault
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San Gabriel
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The only large left-latheral strike slip fault in California is the
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Garlock
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A type of surface wave is
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L
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If nobody noticed an earthquake, then it must
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have a Mercalli intensity <2
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Tuff is a rock made from
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volcanic ash
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A large semi-molten "blob" of material that is ejected from a volcano and solidifies in the air is called a
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bomb
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Sharp angular lava is called
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aa
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The "Year with out a Summer" in 1816 is believed to have been caused by
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the eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia
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Which of the following volcanic phenomena is least likely to kill people
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lava flows
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Many villages near Lake Nyos in Cameroon were wiped out in 1986 by
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carbon dioxide
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The Roman town of Pompeii was destroyed in 79 AD by
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being buried in ash
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Over 20,000 people near the volcano Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia were killed in 1985 by
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volcanic mudflows
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A gas not typically released during volcanic eruptions is
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oxgen
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The city of St Pierre on the island of Martinique was destroyed in 1902 by
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a pyroclastic flow
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A large number of trees around Horseshoe Lake near Mammoth have recently been killed by
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carbon dioxide
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The Deccan Traps (flood basalts) in India formed at the same time as
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the extinction of the dinosaurs
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The type of lava that will be the most viscous will be
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felsic
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States that contain the most extensive flood basalts are
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Washington & Oregon
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The type of volcano made entirely of pyroclastic material is
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cinder cone
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In a phreatic eruption what gas comes out of the volcano
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steam
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The largest volcanoes are
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shield volcanos
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The largest and most dangerous "super-volcano" in the US is
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Yellowstone
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What California ski resort is located on an active volcano
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Mammoth mountain
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Harmonic tremors are caused by
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magma moving beneath the Earth's surface
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A volcanic mudflow is called a
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lahar
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Maurice and Katiya Krafft
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were killed in a pyroclastic flow in Japan
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A mobile volcanic observatory sent by USGS saved many lives by helping predict the eruption at
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Mt Pinatubo in the Philippines
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A volcano which has not had an eruption recorded in historical times but has a surface that fresh and lightly eroded would be considered
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dormant
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Many animals in Nebraska over 1,000 miles away from Yellowstone, were killed following an eruption of the caldera by
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breathing in volcanic ash
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The force that drives mass wasting is
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gravity
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Mass wasting will start whenever
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the resisting force is greater than the driving force
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Most modern buildings codes require a factor safety
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greater than 1.5
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The greatest annual property loss in the United States is from
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creep and expansive soils
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A small slide with rotational motion is called a
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slump
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The Vaiont dam (in Italy) disaster occurred when
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a landslide slid into a reservoir
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To be stable the angle of slope must be less than
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the angle of repose for the material the slope is made of
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Which of the following makes a slope more stable
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lower relief
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According to Dr. Perry Ehlig, the modern slide activity at Portuguese Bend was triggered by
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road construction and placing the fill across the head of an ancient landslide
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A river with numerous channels that split apart and recombine is
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braided
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The total area drained by a steam and its tributaries is called the
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drainage basin
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Sandbars deposited on the inside of meander curves are called
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point bars
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The deposits of sediments along the sides of a meandering river are called
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levees
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The average time between floods of a given size is the
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recurrence interval
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If our last 100 year flood was over 25 years ago, what is the percentage chance of having a 100 year flood next year
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1%
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The dam built in the 1940's to protect Orange County from flooding is
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Prado Dam
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The Seven Oaks dam is an earthen dam instead of a concrete dam because
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is is more earthquake resistant
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If you live in a low-lying coastal area and a hurricane is approaching you should
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evacuate
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What has been the relationship between the natural wetlands around New Orleans and hurricane safety over the past 200 years?
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they have been reduced which put the city in more danger from hurricanes
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The worst flooding in New Orleans after Katrina happened because
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some flood walls failed because they were built on soft soil
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The levees around New Orleans were designed to protect against what size of hurricane?
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Category III
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Over the last 30 years
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the number of hurricanes has stayed the same but the average intensity has increased
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The volume of water flowing down a river is called the
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discharge
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The edge of a drainage basin is a
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divide
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y/x is the formula for what characteristic of a stream
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gradient
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Water will cause the most erosion when it
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speeds up
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What feature would you expect to find on the inside edge of a curve in a river
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point bar
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The greatest flood threat west of the Mississippi is along what river
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Santa Ana
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The main factor that caused an increase in the risk of flooding for Orange County between the 1940's and 1990's was
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increased surface runoff due to urbanization
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Which of the following types of radiation has a shorter wave length that visible light
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gamma rays
Order: Radio-Micro-Infared-Visible Light-Ultra Violent-X-Ray-Gamma Ray |
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The causes of the present greenhouse effect include
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increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
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A more intense greenhouse effect would be expected to
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make both storms and droughts worse
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During the last 100 years
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both Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere and world-wide temperatures have risen sharply
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An El Nino occurs
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in the South Pacific
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An El Nino will have what effect on California
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heavier winter rainfall
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During an El Nino the water off of Peru will be
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warmer and nutrient poor
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Increased global warming will most likely have what effect on future El Ninos
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increase the frequency and intensity
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The California Doctrine says that water rights may be assigned
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by the state for the "most beneficial" use
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Groundwater will flow faster if
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the hydraulic gradient is higher
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Darcy's Law is used to calculate
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groundwater
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The upper surface of the saturated zone is called the
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water table
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A closed or confined aquifer
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is under an aquaclude
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In order to have a flowing artesian well you must have
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a recharge area at a higher elevation than the well
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Most fresh water on Earth is found in
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continental glaciers near the poles
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Using a river for a navigation would be a use that would be
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instream and non-consumptive
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Most of the water used by farmers in the high plains of the western U.S. comes from
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Ogallala sandstone
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Sinkholes and caves are usually found in what type of rock
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limestone
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What is being done to fight the problem of salt water intrusion in Orange County?
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fresh water is pumped into the ground near the coast to form a pressure barrier
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Groundwater pollution
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is a problem that can be difficult to measure since groundwater is moves contaminants from their original location
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The Los Angeles aquaduct was built to deliver water to the city from
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the Owens Valley
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The man who was mainly responsible for building the Los Angeles aqueduct was
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William Mullholand
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The biggest problem in building the Los Angeles aquaduct was
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there was violent opposition from the farmers and ranchers who were losing water
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What was done with the "surplus" water brought by the Los Angeles by the Los Angeles Aquaduct in the 1920's?
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it was used to irrigate the San Fernando Valley
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The dam built to hold the "surplus" water brought to Los Angeles aquaduct in the 1920's was
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St Francis Dam
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Riparian doctrine is the legal concept that says that a land owner may withdraw how much water from a river?
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as much as he desires with no limitation
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Most solid waste in the U.S is produced by
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agriculture
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The cheapest way of disposing solid waste is
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an open dump
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The liquid that seeps out of the landfills is called
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leachate
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A well-designed landfill can produce what fuel
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methane
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The waste disposal method considered unsightly, unsanitary and smelly is
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open dump
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Hoe much trash does each person in the USA produce a day
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4.6 pounds
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A problem with deep well disposal is that it may trigger
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earthquakes
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The part of municipal sewage treatment that depends on biological activity by algae, bacteria and fungi is
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secondary
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The major problems with the "disperse and dilute" approach to waste disposal is
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biological amplification
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The most important cause of acid rain is
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burning high sulfur coal
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The site designated for the long-term storage of radioactive waste in the US is
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Yucca Mountain in Nevada
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High temperature incineration is used to both dispose of solid waste and generate energy on a large scale in
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Europe
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In Orange County most of our municipal solid waste goes to
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sanitary landfills
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Filtering the solids out of the waste water is considered
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primary treatment
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Composting is a good method of disposal for
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nontoxic organic matter
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Ocean dumping is still used today to dispose of large quantities
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dredge spoils
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After it is filled a sanitary landfill may be used for
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- park
- parking lot - pasture land - golf course |
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Reverse osmosis, micro-filtration or distillation would be considered what level of water treatment
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tertiary
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The most highly toxic waste is produced by
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industry
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What percentage of the products we buy eventually get thrown away?
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100%
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