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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an atom?
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Atoms are fundamental particles consisting of a nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons (-). Neutrons (o) and Protons(+) are in the nucleus.
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What are Isotopes?
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Isotopes are atoms of a particular element that have slightly different atomic weights (protons)neutrons).
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What is an element?
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An element consists of atoms and cannot be further broken down by chemical reactions into a simpler composition.
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What are native elements? compounds?
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Native elements exist as pure solids in nature. Examples are gold and silver.Compounds occur in nature and consist of two or more elements.
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What do minerals consist of?
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Minerals consist of compounds (except for Native Elements). Minerals are solid, naturally occurring, mostly inorganic, and have definite chem. comp.
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What are silicates?
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Silicates are the most volumetrically important family of minerals in the Earth's crust.
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What do silicates consist of?
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Silicates consist of silica oxide (SiO2) combined with other elements. Silicates can be placed into two groups, Felsic and Mafic.
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Describe felsic minerals.
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Relatively rich in silica plus one or more of the following: aluminum, sodium, potassium. Light in color and low densities.
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Examples of felsic minerals.
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Quartz, potassium feldspar (K-feldspar), sodium-feldspar, and muscovite (white mica).
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Describe mafic minerals.
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Relatively low in silica but enriched in iron and magnesium compared to felsic minerals. Dark colored and denser than felsic.
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Examples of mafic minerals.
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bitotite (black mica), hornblende, pyroxene, and olivine.
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Three major types of rocks.
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Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary.
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How are igneous rocks formed?
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formed by the cooling and solidification (crystallization) of minerals in Magma (a molten mix of minerals).
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How is magma formed?
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Magma forms by melting rocks and minerals beneath the crust and deep within the crust.
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Intrusive
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Consist of crystals readily visible to the unaided eye. Form intrusions such as batholiths, dikes, and sills.
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