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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
SPECIES EQUILIBRIUM MODEL / THEORY OF ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY
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the number of species found on an island is determined by a balance between two factors: the immigration rate (of species new to the island) from other inhabited areas and the extinction rate (of species established on the island). The model predicts that at some point the rats of immigration and extinction will reach an equilibrium point that determines the islands average number of different species (species diversity)
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NATIVE SPECIES
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those that normally live and thrive in a particular community
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NONNATIVE SPECIES / INVASIVE SPECIES / ALIEN SPECIES
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those that evolved somewhere else and then migrate into or are deliberately or accidentally introduced into a community
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INDICATOR SPECIES
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species that serve as early warnings of damage or danger to a community
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KEYSTONE SPECIES
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species that play roles affecting many other organsims in an ecosystem
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INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION
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the most common interaction between speices- competition for shared or scarce resources such as space and food
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RESOURCE PARTITIONING
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process of dividing up resources in an ecosystem so that species with similar needs (overlapping ecological niches) use the same scarce resources at different times, in different ways, or in different places
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PREDATION
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members of one speices feed directly on all of part of a living organims of another specis (the prey)- the predator benefits and the prey is harmed
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PARASITISM
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occurs when one species (the parasite) feeds on part of another organism (the host), usually by living on or in the host- the parasite benefits and the host is harmed
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MUTUALISM
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two spcies interact in a way that benefits both - ex. pollination mutualism, nutritional mutualism and gut inhabitant mutualism
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COMMENSALISM
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a species interaction that benefits one species but has little, if any, effect on the other speices
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ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
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process in which communities of plant and animal species in a particular area are replaced over time by a series of different and often more complex communities
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PRIMARY SUCCESSION
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ecological succession in a bare area that has never been occupied by a community of organisms
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SECONDARY SUCCESSION
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ecological succession in an area in which natural vegetation has been removed or destroyed but the soil is not destroyed
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PIONEER SPECIES
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first hardy species, often microbes, mosses, and lichens, that begin colonizing a site as the first stage of ecological succession
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EARLY SUCCESSIONAL PLANT SPECIES
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plant species found in the early stages of succession that grow close to the ground, can establish large populations quickly under harsh conditions ,and have short lives
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MIDSUCCESSIONAL PLANT SPECIES
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grasses and low shrubs that are less hardy than early successional plant species
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LATE SUCCESSIONAL PLANT SPECIES
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mostly trees that can tolerate shade and form a fairly stable complex forest community
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DISTURBANCE
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a change in environmental conditions that disrupts a community or ecosystem
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INERTIA / PERSISTENCE
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the ability of a living system to resist being disturbed or altered
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CONSTANCY
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the ability of a living system such as a population to keep its numbers within the limits imposed by available resources
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RESILIENCE
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the ability of a living system to repair damage after an external disturbance that is not too drastic
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COMPLEXITY
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the number of species in a community (species richness) at each trophic level and the number of trophic levels in a community
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PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE
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when there is evidence that a human activity can harm our health or bring about changes in environmental conditions that can affect our economies or quality of life, we should take measures to prevent harm even if some of the cause-and-effect relationships have not been fully established scientifically
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