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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do we know about bethymetry?
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we know about bethymetry from MULTIBEAM SONAR and SATELLITE ALIMETRY.
found out from the HMS CHALLENGER in the 1870s from WWII |
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What is Bethymetry?
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Topography of the sea floor.
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What are the features of the sea floor on the continental margin?
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ON THE CONTINENTAL MARGIN:
- continental shelves - continental slopes - continental rise - submarine canyons |
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what are the features of the sea floor on the abyssal plains?
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ON THE ABYSSAL PLAINS:
- Seamounts - Trenches - Mid- Ocean Ridges |
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What are the tectonic influences on the coast line?
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The ocean plate is pushed underneath the continental plate. some of the plate gets pushed up creating a mountain like terrain.
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What is in a Kilogram of Sea Water?
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1. chlorine (19.3)
2. sodium (10.7) 3. sulfate (2.7) 4. Magnesium (1.3) 5. calcium (.42) 6. Potassium (.38) |
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how much salinity is in sea water?
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salinity = 3.5% or 35g/k
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what is the residence time of chloride and sodium (composition of sea water)?
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the residence of time of chloride and sodium is 10s to millions of years.
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how long does mixing the ocean take ?
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mixing the ocean takes 1000 years.
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what are the thermal structures of the ocean?
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1. surface ocean: this part is heated by the sun and mixed by winds.
2. Deep ocean: this part is very cold and mixed slowly by DENSITY- DRIVEN currents( THERMOHALINE) |
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What is thermohaline?
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this is the depth line in the ocean that separates the surface water from the deep ocean.
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WHAT IS THE CORIOLIS EFFECT?
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Earths rotation causes the equator to move fast than the north pole in order for them to go at the same speed.
This creates deflection: in the NORTHERN HEMISPHERE= RIGHT in the SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE= LEFT |
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What does the CORIOLIS EFFECT cause?
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The coriolis effect causes surface currant to curve .
this causes EKMAN TRANSPORT and that Causes GYRES. |
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What is EKMAN TRANSPORT ?
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Ekman transport described the net direction/transport of the surface ocean currents perpendicular to the winds.
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What is a GYRE ?
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a gyre is causes by a net transport of surface currents perpendicular to the winds (ekman transport)
this creates and circular currents - the wind ocean currents are organized into major gyres. |
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Why is Northern Europe have a steady climate?
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Down by the Equator/ the gulf- stream travels to northern europe releasing heat.
- this is comparable to solar heating |
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What Effects the density of sea water?
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The density of sea water if Effected by the:
1. Temperature: the cooler the water the more dense 2. Salinity: the saltier the water the more dense (BiGGER EFFECT THAN TEMPERATURE) |
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What determines the salinity of sea water? /
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Evaporation in low latitudes (this takes out the water and leaves the salt)
Sea Ice Causes Salt Rejection in high latitudes( ice only take water and leaves the salt) |
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What makes the north atlantic sea water deep water?
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the combination of Sea ice(high salinity) and cooling
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