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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Silicate formula
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SiO2
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Define SOM
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Soil Organic Matter: The mixture of non-living organic components present in soil in various stages of decomposition from chemical and biological actions on plant matter and organisms
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structure of silicates
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covalent
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Pesticides can lead to:
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lower crop yields and pollution of ground water.
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Sources of Solvents
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Dry cleaning, electronics industry, paint manufacturing
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An example of Organotin Compounds
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triphenyl tin (TPhT)
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fertilizers that cause nutrient depletion
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NO3 and PO4
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List the nutrients found in soil that occur as dissolved ions
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Ca2+, NH4+, K+ and Mg2+
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composition of the earth's crust
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80% O, Si, Al; 1-5% each Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na; lesser amounts of P, S
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chemical weathering of limestone
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CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 --> Ca2+ + 2HCO3-
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cause of salinization
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rise in water table
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4 components of soil
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1- inorganic matter 2- water 3- air 4 -small oragnic matter
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four components of soil
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inorganic matter, water, air, organic matter
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salinization
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teh accumulation of water solube ions or salts in the soil due to continual irrigation to grow crops
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Water for irrigation contains..
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small amounts of dissolved salts: e.g. CaCl2, MgSO4 and NaCl
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Amount of air and water in soil
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Effect on how life forms survive and decay after death
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Ca + Al2Si2O8 2-
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CaAl2Si2O8
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silica
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silicon (IV) oxide, tetrahedron
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humus
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insoluble, half carbon 5% nitrogen
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Heat absorbed
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Q=Mc/\T
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What is the structure of silica called?
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Tetrahedron
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Causes of salinization
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evaporation of water and the salt not being washed away, the rise of the water table; removal of large native plants and a consequent reduction in evapo-transpiration. Water is able to get close to the soil and evaporate increasing the salt concentration or or near the surface
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Nutrient depletion
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results in decreased soil quality and can lead to serious decline in the yield of crops, thus affecting food supply
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reaction of carboxylic acids
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RCOOH<->RCOO-+H+
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SiO2
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1:4 Al :Si 1- charge so forms salts
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Equation for heat
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Heat = mass x SHC x Temperature Change
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Role of bacteria and fungi
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decompose the organic matter and release the nutrients to the plant roots in the soil
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Nutrients
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disolved ions
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What is the effect of Nutrient depletion or loss?
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Decrease soil quality
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Use of Phosphorus in plants
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Enzyme sythesis and energy storage
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composition of inorganic matter
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silica, silicates, and aluminosilicates
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humus
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water insoluble mixture that occurs when bacteria and fungi convert organic matter; around 50% C, 5% N
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minerlization
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slow process y which organic matter containing N&P is broken down to release N&P roots
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water from irrigation contains
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CaCl2, MgSO4, NaCl
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Pesticides
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a chemical substance that provides better harvests by killing insect pests
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Soil Organic Matter
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refers to the mixture of non-living organic components present in the soil in various stages of decomposition arising from the chemical and biological action on plan matter and organisms
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Source of Petroleum hydrocarbons
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Discharges and accidents from Petroleum industries eg. oil fields, tankers, pipelines, refining plants
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Effects of salinization
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Reduces in plant growth
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Soil
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A complex, heterogeneous mixture of interacting materials
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Use of calcium in plants
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plant cell wall synthesis
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What causes soil pollution or contamination?
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Pesticides, domestic and industrial waste.
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Nutrient Depletion
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loss results in decreased soil quility -> decline in the yield of crops -> affecting food supply
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Nurtient depletion or Loss
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B/C same crops grown because of agricultural pressures
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Soil organic matter contains:
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A pool of mineral nutrients it can exchange with plant roots, it holds on to water, improves soil structure and reduces soil erosion.
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Nitrogen
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Synthesis of proteins and chlorophyll.
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Eutrophication
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excess growth of aquatic life such as algal blooms
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What are the roles of Soil Organic Matter
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Containing pool of mineral nutrients, holds on to water, improves soil struction, reduces soil erosion
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Salinization
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Accumulation of water soluble ions/salts in soil because of continual irrigation to grow crops
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Eutrophication
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the excess growth of aquatic life such as algal booms
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Components of soil
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inorganic matter, water, air, smallr amounts of organic matter
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Mineralization definition
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Slow process by which organic matter containing nitrogen and phosphorous is broken down or mineralized to release nitrogen and phosphorous to roots.
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Inorganic matter
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Contains silicates, silica, and aluminosilicates
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Use of Ca in plants
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plant cell wall synthesis
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Use of K in plants
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controls amount of water that enters via osmosis
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use of N in plants
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synthesis of amino acids, proteins
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use of Fe, N ,Mg in plants
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synthesis of chlorophyll
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Pesticides
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killing insect pests
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Herbicides
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Kill unwanted plants, weeds or fungu
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Soil organic matter
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refers to a mixture of non-living organic components present in the soil in various stages of decomposition.
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what is nutirent depletion
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removal of essential nutirents and minerals from the soil food web by crops that grow
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Soil Organic Matter (SOM)
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a mix of non-living organisms composing in different stages of decomposition by chemical and biological actions
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Moist soil
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higher heat capacity than dry soil due to higher heat capacity of water
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Soil
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a complex heterogeneous micture of interacting metals
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SOM
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soil organic matter
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Petroleum hydrocarbons
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discharges and accidents from petroleum industry from oil fields, tankers, pipelines, refining plants
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Humic acids contain:
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Phenolic acid (ArOH) and carboxylic acid group (RCOOH)
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Salinizatoin
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the accumulation of water soluble ions or salts in soil due to continual irrigation to grow crops
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Nutrient Depletion or loss
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removal of essentail nutrients/minerals from the soil food web from constant growing and harvesting of plants
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