Environmental #2

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Convection Cell

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Fluid dynamics that occurs in situations where there are density differences within a body of liquid, or gas
Rising and/ or falling currents

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Adiabatic cooling

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Any process occurring without gain or loss of heat within a system

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Eutrophication

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Is the ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substance, such as nitrates and phosphate, through sewage or fertilizers --> Aquatic system

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Natural Capital

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The stock of natural ecosystems that yields a flow of valuable ecosystem goods or services into the future

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Bioaccumulation

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Accumulation of substance; pesticides or other organic chemicals in an organism

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Keystone species

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is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on it's environment relative to its abundance

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Range of Tolerance

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The rang of conditions within which an organism can survive

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Pioneer and Climax species

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Pioneer species: First to colonize an area, after catastrophe fast growing, short spans

Climax: Mix of species present a long time after disaster

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Generalist and Specialist

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Generalists: Able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and make use of resources (raccoons)

Specialist: Thrive in a narrow range of environmental conditions, limited diet (Koala)

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Rhizobium

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Soil bateria that fixes Nitrogen

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Population

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All the member within one species in a particular area

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Prevailing Wind

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Are winds that blows from a general direction over a particular point on earth's surface

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Desert

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Biome in which evaporation exceeds precipitation, average less than 25cm

Low vegetation

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Savannah

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It is characterized by a grassy ground layer and a distinct upper layer of woody plants

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Tundra

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Treeless region in a cold climate with a short growing season. Most tundras receive little precipitation. Moist or wet soil because little evaporation occurs. Loss of water by seepage is also prevented because the soil is frozen. Very little vegetation grows and very few animals live in the coldest, most northern, high-arctic tundras. These tundras are dominated by long-lived but short-statured plants, typically less than 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches) tall

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Temperate deciduous forest

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Temperate deciduous forests are dominated by a large variety of broad-leaved trees in relatively moist, temperate (mild or moderate) climates. Because these forests occur in places where the winters can be cold, the foliage of most species is seasonally deciduous, meaning that trees shed their leaves each autumn and then regrow them in the springtime

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Temperate rain forest

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Temperate rain forests are characterized by mild winters and an abundance of rain. These systems are too moist to support wildfires. As a result, they often develop into old-growth forests, dominated by coniferous trees of mixed age and various species

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Savanna

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Tropical grasslands are present in regions with as much as 120 centimeters (47 inches) of rainfall per year, but under highly seasonal conditions with a pronounced dry season. Savannas are dominated by grasses and other herbaceous plants

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Chaparral

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Chaparral is a temperate biome that develops in environments where precipitation varies widely from season to season. A common chaparral pattern involves winter rains and summer drought, the socalled Mediterranean climate

This biome is highly prone to wildfire, In North America

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Tropical Dry Forest

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This forest type typically experiences an annual hard dry season, The average rainfall is sufficient enough to promote growth of trees, but these tree and plant species must be able to withstand periods of low precipitation and moisture

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Coniferous Forest

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vegetation composed primarily of cone-bearing, needle-leaved, or scale-leaved evergreen trees, found in regions of the world that have long winters and moderate to high annual precipitation

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Nitrate

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Nitrates can be found in drinking water supplies. Their presence in groundwater is generally associated with septic systems, confined animal feeding operations, or fertilizer use