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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Photosynthesis
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The process through which plants use the sun’s energy to convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars that are used to build tissues
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Carbon Cycle
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The system through which carbon circulates through the earth’s geosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere, specifically including exchanges between carbon in the earth (e.g., as petroleum) and the atmosphere (as CO 2) through combustion and back again through sequestration
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Carbon Sequestration
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The capture and storage of carbon from the atmosphere into the biosphere or the geosphere through either biological means, as in plant photosynthesis, or engineered means
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Greenhouse Effect
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The characteristic of the earth’s atmosphere, based on the presence of important gases including water vapor and carbon dioxide, to trap and retain heat, leading to temperatures that can sustain life
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Collective Action
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Cooperation and coordination between individuals to achieve common goals and outcomes
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Emissions Trading
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A system for exchanging the right to emit/pollute limited amounts of determinant materials (like greenhouse gases). These rights or credits are exchangeable between emitters, but subject to a total regulatory limit
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Coase Theorem
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A thesis based in neoclassical economics, holding that externalities (e.g., pollution) can be most efficiently controlled through contracts and bargaining between parties, assuming the transaction costs of reaching a bargain are not excessive
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Command-and-Control
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Forms of regulation that depend on government laws and agencies to enforce rules, including such things as regulated limits on pollution or fuel efficiency standards; contrasts with market-based or incentive-based approaches
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Cap and Trade
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A market-based system to manage environmental pollutants where a total limit is placed on all emissions in a jurisdiction (state, country, worldwide, etc.), and individual people or firms possess transferable shares of that total, theoretically leading to the most efficient overall system to maintain and reduce pollution levels overall
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Uneven Development
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The geographic tendency within capitalism to produce highly disparate economic conditions (wealth/poverty) and economic activity (production/consumption) in different places
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Capital Accumulation
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The tendency in capitalism for profits, capital goods, savings, and value to flow towards, pool in, and/or accrue in specific places, leading to the centralization and concentration of both money and power
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Surplus Value
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In political economic (and Marxist) thought, the value produced by underpaying labor or over-extracting from the environment, which is accumulated by owners and investors
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Greenwashing
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The exaggerated or false marketing of a product, good, or service as environmentally friendly
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