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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the World bank do? |
It is one of the largest funding sources for economic development in poor countries and funds irrigation, dams, infrastructure, and unsustainable environmentally damaging projects |
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What was the PSA in Costa Rica and results of it? |
Payment for Environmental Services Act, paid farmers and ranchers to preserve forests and the results were the forest cover rose from 17-52% over 12 years. |
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What is NEPA? |
National Environmental Policies Act: began the modern era of environmental policy, created council on environmental quality. |
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What is Sin tax? |
Taxes on cigarettes, alcohol, etc. |
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What is a Green Tax? |
taxes environmentally harmful activities and products |
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What is a Carbon Tax? |
Controversial taxes on gasoline, coal based electricity, and fossil fuel intensive products
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What is a subsidy? |
Government giveaway of money or resources to support and promote an industry or activity
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What is Cap-and-Trade?
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The government sets pollution levels, permits let polluters emit an amount of pollution, gov't can set lower emission levels |
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What is Ecolabeling |
Tells consumers which brands have been grown using sustainable practices |
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Define NGO |
A nongovernmental organization that is an influence to international policy |
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Describe Type I survivorship figure |
Type I: little death until old age |
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Pre-Industrial Stage |
Low population growth, high death and birth rates |
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Transitional Stage |
High population growth, |
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Industrial stage |
population growth decreases |
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Post-Industrial Stage |
Population growth stabilizes |
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What are Demographics |
statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it |
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Carrying Capacity |
Earths population capacity, 1-2 billion prosperous people, 33 billion very poor people |
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What is the approximate population of the world? |
7 billion |
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What is the feed input to output ratio of a Chicken: |
2.8 kg to 1 kg |
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Cow |
20 kg to 1 kg |
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Pig |
7.3 kg to 1 kg |
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Milk |
1.1 kg to 1 kg |
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What is recombinant DNA |
Combined DNA segments from multiple organisms |
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Define Genetic Engineering |
Laboratory manipulation of genetic material by adding, deleting, or modifying DNA |
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List Benefits of Genetic Engineered crops |
GM foods can advance sustainable agriculture Grown with No-Till Farming Drought Resistant and high yielding |
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What are the negative aspects of genetically engineered crops? |
expensive little incentive to develop crops for small scale farmers |
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Which crops are most often GM crops? |
Virus resistant papaya, biotech potato |
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Define biotechnologY |
application of biological science to create products derived from organisms |
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What is aquaculture |
raising aquatic organisms in a controlled environment, open-water pens or land-based ponds |
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Who eats 45% of the world's grain? |
Livestock |
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What is a feedlot? |
Concentrated animal feeding operations huge warehouses or pens deliver food to animals living at extremely high densities |
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What is biocontrol? |
uses a pest's predators or diseases to control the pest |
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What is integrated pest management? |
It incorporates numerous techniques to suppress pests including the monitoring of pest populations |
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What has happened to bees> |
U.S. bees provide $15 billion a year in pollination services, parasitic mites have decimated population. Colony collapse disorder. |
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How are pests becoming resistant to pesticides |
A select few have become resistant to the chemicals and pass the traits down to their offspring |
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Describe Type II survivorship curve |
steady mortality rate at all ages (small mammals and birds pass at very early age) |
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Describe Type III survivorship curve |
very heavy mortality early on, few live to old age |
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substances containing essential nutrients to enhance crop production |
fertilizers |
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Feed input: 4.5kg Output: 1 kg |
egg |
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Benefits of Feedlots |
Allow great production of affordable meat reduce grazing impacts on land |
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Costs of Feedlots |
produce huge amounts of manure and urine crowded housing causes outbreaks of disease produces more greenhouse gas |
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Benefits of Aquaculture |
reduced pressure on over harvested wild fish uses fewer fossil fuels ,safer, produces more fish than commercial fishing
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Drawbacks of Aquaculture |
Lost of waste Escaped fish introduce disease elsewhere uses grain
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What is the most common type of GM crop |
Soybean
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uses no synthetic fertilizers, insecticides, etc. |
Organic Agriculture
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