Env 100 Exam 2 Cont.

Front 1

Cropland losses

Back 1

japan 52% korea 46% taiwan 42%

Front 2

Economic growth

Back 2

13% in 1992 13% in 1993 11% in 94 10% in 95

Front 3

Higher demand

Back 3

Beer- US is the biggest consumer

Front 4

Seafood faces collapse by when?

Back 4

2048

Front 5

Which country is the biggest seafood consumer?

Back 5

Japan

Front 6

Seafood collapse is the drop of cath by

Back 6

1000 yrs over 12 marine regions *29% of catch collapse=90% (goes down)*biodiversity(goes down)

Front 7

Biological production

Back 7

the capture of usable energy from the environment to produce organic compounds in which that energy is stored.

Front 8

3 measurements of biological production

Back 8

biomass- the total amount of organic matter per unit surface area.
Energy- the total amount of usable energy stored (kilocalorie, Joule)*1kj=1000 j=0.24 kcal
Carbon stored

Front 9

2 kinds of biological production

Back 9

primary production- photoautotroph (photosynthesis) carbon dioxide + water + gloucouse + oxygen
Secondary production- heterotroph

Front 10

Respiration (R)

Back 10

the use of biomass to release energy that can be used to do work.
An organic compount is combined with oxygen to release energy and produce carbon dioxide

Front 11

Gross prodution (GP)

Back 11

production of organic matter before use

Front 12

Net Production (NP

Back 12

production of organic matter after use

GP= NP+R

Front 13

fixation

Back 13

the capture of energy (EAT)

Front 14

Energy flow

Back 14

the capacity to do work

Front 15

ecosystem energy flow

Back 15

the movement of energy through an ecosystem from the external environment through a series of organisms and back to the external environment.

Front 16

Laws of thermodynamics

Back 16

conservation of energy-energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but only transferred from one form to another

Front 17

2nd law

Back 17

- energy spontaneously disperses from being localized to becoming spreadout if it is not hindered from doing so

Front 18

energy becomes less useful as it converts its form

Back 18

1.3% of solar energy consumed by plants ~1% of energy consumed by the next trophic level 90% is lost as heat *may achieve 10-% in a managed ecosystem (e.g. farm)

Front 19

Daily calorie supply per person in 1995? where are areas low and high?

Back 19

low Africa high US

Front 20

Undernourishment

Back 20

the lack of sufficient calore in available food that inhibit a person's ability to work/live.

Front 21

1996 World Food Summit

Back 21

set a goal to reduce the undernourished population in half by 2015

Front 22

Can we provide enough food for the world

Back 22

the number of livestock, the trend of small grain production, 2002 study on world agriculture 2030. (2002 6 billion 2030 8.3 billion) calorie per person per day 2800 in 2002. undernourished 2002 777million

Front 23

What should we do

Back 23

stop wasting the food, organic farming-practices that minimize negative environmental impact, precision farming-practices that increase the yield per acre, eat lower in the food chain, genetically modified crop.

Front 24

Energy classification

Back 24

primary energy- contributes to 80+% of global energy consumptio, Alternative energy- energy derived from nontraditional sources.

Front 25

3 sectors that consume fuel

Back 25

residential/commercial 38%, industrial 34% transportation 27%

Front 26

do we have enough fuel(fossil fuel)?

Back 26

fossil fuel is a nonrenewable resource of energy that results from incomplet biological of dead organic matter

Front 27

When does fossil fuel peak?

Back 27

2020 - 2050

Front 28

fossil fuel

Back 28

advantages- cost efficient, energy efficient. Disadvantege- non-renewable, emission of GHG enviornmental destruction and degradation, uneven distribution

Front 29

Hydroelecricity

Back 29

16% of global electricity
advantage- renewble, emission free, low operating costs
disadvantage- site specific, disrupt ecosystem, relocation of people

Front 30

Solar

Back 30

applications- heating, electicity, desalination of sea water
advantage- renewable, emission free, global coverage
disadvantage- expensive, gluctuate supply

Front 31

Wind

Back 31

1% advantage-renewable, emission free
disadvantage- site specific, expensive, fluc supply

Front 32

Biofuel

Back 32

Alcohol, Ethanol, Methane biodiesel
Advantage-renewable, a partial solution to transportation sector
disadvantage- Air pollution, less energy efficient

Front 33

Nuclear

Back 33

fuel produced by controlled use of nucular reaction to release energy
Advantage- abundant, cost efficient, no GHG
disadvantage- nonrenewable, improper handeling may lead to disaster, heat pollunton, hazard waste

Front 34

Do we have enough fuel?

Back 34

limited supply , depending on the consumption rate

Front 35

what should we do the 4 e's?

Back 35

Enhance energy efficiency- the ration of the actual amount of energy delivered to where itis needed to the amount of energy supplied to meet the need.
Explore renewable resources (solar, wind, fuel cell)
Evaluate energy policy
Energy conservation (commercial/residential, transportation)

Front 36

energy lost through

Back 36

energy transformation, distribution e.g. resistance in wire

Front 37

hard-path

Back 37

find greater amount of fossil fuel, build larger power plant, provide cheap, high quality energy to solve environmental problems

Front 38

soft-path

Back 38

efficient use of energy, diversity of energy production, promote alternative energy that are more environmental friendly and renewable