Entomology Final (New)

Front 1

Benefits of insect pollination for plants.

Back 1

Insects increase pollination efficiency.
Not dependent on the wind.
If the plant is rare, allows for increased diversity.

Front 2

What are the major pollinator orders?

Back 2

Hymenoptera, lepidoptera, diptera, coleoptera.

Front 3

Pollinator Syndrome

Back 3

From a plant's shape, size, smell, ect. you can tell what pollinates it.

Front 4

Cantharophily

Back 4

Beetle pollinated. Flowers white and dull. Bowl shaped with a strong smell.

Front 5

Myophily

Back 5

Feed on nectar and pollen. Diptera. Now showy. Strong corpse-like smell.

Front 6

Psychophily + Phalaenphily

Back 6

Colorful flowers which are closed at night = psycho.

Light colored flowers open at night = phalaen.

Front 7

Melittophily

Back 7

Blue and yellow. Nectar guide in UV. Shows bees where to land.

Front 8

Spherophily

Back 8

Fig wasps. 1 species pollinates one species. Obligate pollination

Front 9

Myrmecophily

Back 9

Ants.

Front 10

When do insects and plants sometimes have a mutualistic relationship?

Back 10

Fig/fig wasp. Obligate pollinators who each serve each other.

Front 11

Colony collapse disorder.

Back 11

Honey bee rapid disappearance. Farmers had 1/3 bees disappear in 2006. Vanished. 40% assumed dead.

Front 12

Colony collapse theories.

Back 12

We passed some environmental threshold and neonictinoids.

Front 13

Neonictinoids?

Back 13

Pesticides build into seeds. Banned in France. Could have caused colony collapse because there were no long term studies.

Front 14

Myrmecophory

Back 14

Seed dispersal by ants.

Front 15

Elaisomes

Back 15

Special attractants for ants to pick up seeds.

Front 16

Ant/plant domatia

Back 16

Plant acts as a house for the ants. Stems, thorns, and tabers with a house for the ants and food. In return, ants attack other invaders and keep the plant healthy.

Front 17

What percent of insects are predators or parasites?

Back 17

25%

Front 18

Types of predation

Back 18

1. Sit and wait
2. Active forager
3. Phoresy

Front 19

Sit and wait

Back 19

1. Cryptic
2. Agressive, foraging, mimicry.
3. Ambush.
4. Trap.
5. Reduced metabolism.

Front 20

Active forager

Back 20

1. Random.
2. Non-random. Use vision, chemicals, CO2. Ex. siimullidae - black fly is attracted only to specific animal sweat.

Front 21

Phoresy

Back 21

Individual transported to a larger individual of another species.
Ex. hippobossid flies - lice.
Ex. Human bot flies. Lay eggs on mosquitoes and catch a ride to humans.

Front 22

Predator adaptations

Back 22

Spines on legs, piercing/sucking, elongated mandible.

Front 23

Parasitoid orders.

Back 23

Diptera and hymenoptera.

Front 24

How do parasitoids work?

Back 24

Trigger immune response by laying eggs into/onto host.

Front 25

How do parasitoids succeed?

Back 25

1. Avoidance.
2. Molecular mimicry.
3. Destruction.
4. Suppression - hemocyte.
5. Subversion - develop despite host response.

Front 26

Do parasitoids generally target one species or many?

Back 26

Generally monoxenous (only targeting one) but some are oligoxenous (target a few).

Front 27

Entomophagas

Back 27

An insect which attacks and eats other insects.

Front 28

Multiparasitism

Back 28

Host gets parasitized by multiple insects.

Front 29

Superparasitism

Back 29

Parasitoid pulls out other's eggs to clear room for their own.

Front 30

Hyperparasitism

Back 30

Second parasite's larvae eat eggs of 1st parasitoid.

Front 31

How do some parasitoids hijack hosts?

Back 31

Lay eggs onto the young host. Regulate the host's metabolism so it can't develop too fast.

Front 32

Vertebrates

Back 32

Insects can be very host specific in vertebrates too. Ex. fleas.

Front 33

Eusociality

Back 33

True social insects. Must have caste system and cooperation with rearing of young. Multiple generations.

Front 34

Examples of eusociality

Back 34

Bees and ants.

Front 35

Haplodiploidy

Back 35

Female - fertilized eggs (2n).
Males - unfertilized eggs (n).

Front 36

Altruism

Back 36

Selflessness. Does it exist in the real world?
In insects it does not. Bees will sting and kill themselves to protect queen but this is mostly to protect their gene-pool.

Front 37

Examples of interactions that are not eusocial

Back 37

aggregation, parental care without nesting, parental care with nesting, and parental care in communal nests.