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207 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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siphonaptera??
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sipho=tube
ptera=wingless common name is fleas |
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characteristics of siphonaptera
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-complete metamorphosis
-peircing/sucking mouthparts -no wings -many disease vectors |
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about fleas:
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-female needs blood for eggs
-eat 15 times their weight -larva feed on adult feces |
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about flea larva
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-larva spins sticky cacoon
-cacoon camoflaged -enviro is important |
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what are fleas attracted to?
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-heat
-co2 -light -movement |
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what is resilin
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a protein in back legs works like rubber band
-can jump 200 X length |
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Miriam Rothschild
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a world flea expert
showed fleas react to female hosts hormones they adjust their cycle to match that of host and lay eggs on the babies of the host. |
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Bubonic Plagues
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swollen lymph nodes=bubo
death rate is 75% vector: rat flea organism: bacteria genus: Yersinia pestis antibiotic treatments are affected |
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Rodents
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-bacteria enter flea with blood meal
-bacteria multiple in flea gut -flea seeks new host -regurgitates blood with bacteria -host is infected |
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Elephantias
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vecotr= mosquitos
disease organism: round worms -causes swollen apendages |
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River Blindness
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vector=black flies
disease organism: round worms found in West Africa |
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how does river blindness work?
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-infected fly transmits larval worm to person. the worm grows slowly, the adults worms produce young which causes itchy and loose skin. there is a gradual loss of sight.
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what treatment exists for river blindness?
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no effective treatment
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what foundation helps in river blindness
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Carter Foundation
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possible use of insects in war?
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-modify plague bacteria
-destroy crops -war on drugs |
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Jeffery Lockwood
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six legged soldiers the idea of using insects as weapon of war.
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ethnoentomology
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Cultural impact of insects
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who is Darrel Posey
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-studied ethnoentomology of Kayopo (central Brazil)
-what they do is place an ant colony near the crops and ants cultivate plants and wasp colony in banana tree. -men become adults=hit large wasp nests the wasp nest =the universe |
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what is sago?
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extracted from sago palms
-it provides starch = 80% of calories people also eat Capricorn beetle which provides protein |
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what kinds of bugs do they eat in Thailand?
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-steamed bamboo worms
-water bugs -steamed hornet grubs |
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what kinds of bugs do they eat in Boswania?
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-charcoal grilled catapillars
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what did Australian aborigines eat?
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beetle larva: witchetty grubs
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Vincent Holt said why not eat insects- his reasons??
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1. protein
2. fat 3. vitamens |
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what is the favorite insect of the arts?
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butterfly
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what nursery rhyme is about the bubonic plague?
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ring around the rosie
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which poet wrote alot about insects?
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Robert Frost
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what are some terms for insects in language?
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-busy as a bee
-waspish -gruby -roach -social butterfly |
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what is a famous musical piece?
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Flight of the bumble bee
by: Rimsky-Korsakov |
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who is Maria Merian?
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combined art and entomology
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forensic entomology
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study of insects from a legal perspective
-estimate postmortem interval |
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estimate postmortem interval
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-based on blow fly development
-most accurate in first 30 days -several species blow fly involved |
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about blow flies?
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-arrive at corpse first
-larva develop -temperature development -succession of insects is predictable |
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what does a forensic entomologist do?
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-recover insects from the body
-identify the insects |
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Magot mass
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a large number of blow fly larvae in carvion
they maintain a high temperature |
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decomposition studies
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-test animal
-environment conditions are recorded -succession of insects monitored |
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what is at the University of Tennessee
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the body farm
people donate bodies book called Deaths Acre |
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Case study from Oregon
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-rifle fired at party
-neighbor killed -body found 1 month later -insect evidence set time of death |
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Case Study
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-child brought to hospital suffering from abuse and neglect
-anal and genitals had dlies -larvae age= 5 days -diapers were not changed for 5 days |
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Case study from Chicago
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-women raped by man in ski mask
-mask in apartment -suspect said mask hadnt been worn -burrs from crime scene on mask -catapillars in burrs -the life cycle eggs laid in summer so mask had to have been outside in the last 6 months |
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Case study from Tennessee
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female skeleton found jan. 29
-large wasp nest in skull -skull must have been dry in spring -blow fly puparia in skull -blow fly in skull in warm season -women must have died 18 months ago |
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Ticks and Mites
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class= arachnida
subclass= acari |
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about ticks and mites
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-usually 8 legs
-two main body parts cephalothorax and abdomen (no division exists between the two) |
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lime disease
(associated with high prevalence of deer) |
-vector: deer tick
-disease organism: bacteria -genus: borrelia most prevalent in northeast, appeared first in Connecticut and has had a ressurgence |
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how does lime disease work?
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feed infected mite, bacteria multiply in the tick, tick feed on man
-circular rash appears, flu like symptons later arthritis and nerve problems antibiotics are effective |
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deer tick
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-nymph usual vector
-year 1 - larva hatch feed and molt -year 2- nymphs feed: adults emerge and feed -birds disperse ticks |
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lime disease
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cause unknown
attacks heart, nervous system, joints patient response variable |
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prevention
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-protective clothing in woods
-have someone check |
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rocky mountain spotted fever
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vector: dog tick
disease agent: bacterium genus: riskettsia most prevalent in west |
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scorpians
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class: arachnida
subclass: scorpiones |
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about scorpians
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-large pinchers
-tail with venom -can kill humans |
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more about scorpions
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-blind
-survive extreme temperatures -male puts sperm on stalk and pulls female over stalk -female live birth |
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spiders
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class: arachnida
subclass- aranea |
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about spiders
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-two main body parts
cephalothorax joined to abdomen by pedicel - 8 legs -produce silk |
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what do male spiders deliver sperm with?
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palps which are modified mouthparts
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large jawed spider
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male produces sperm in abdomen and transfers to special web and then to palps on cephalothorax
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jumping spider
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male attracts female with mating dance where he puts her in a trance with front leg movement
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Net Casting Spider
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male talks to the female by strumming on the web
uses palps deliver sperm to female female mates once stores sperm male may mate many times |
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Saint Andrews Cross Spider
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female much larger than male
male plucks on web to identify web risks death in order to mate |
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orb weaver
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stabilmentum= zig zag cross strands in web
-warns birds so dont fly into -some may use to find silk for their nest |
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tarantulas
(many different species) |
-covered with hairs
-can throw at predator -hairs barbed like espitis and toxins |
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black widow
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-hourglass on abdomen
it is underneath and hard to see |
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about black widow venom
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-intense pain peaks at 30 minutes
-venom in neuortoxin -venom 30times more toxic than rattlesnake nausea and profuse sweating |
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brown recuse
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-violin on cephalothorax
-venom causes skin rash (necrosis) |
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spider silk
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first production in china
Si-Ling-Chi was goddess of the silk worms |
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secrets of silk production
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went first from China to Japan
Marco Polo brought back to Europe |
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silkworm larvae
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silk has protien
protein made of small amino acids |
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spider silk
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Randy Law
(University of Wyoming) cloned spider silk gene medicine:sutures, bandages, and ligaments fabrics: parachutes, clothes, and canoes |
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hymenoptera
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hymen= god of marriage
ptera=wings common name= ants, bees, wasps |
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characteristics of hymenoptera
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-complete metamorphosis
-chewing mouthparts -2 pair membranous wings -female select sex -most beneficial |
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hymenoptera
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compact wings that fold back
back wings hooked to front wings wings beat as if one pair |
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relevant solitary wasp
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adult females
-wingless, hairy, and bright colored -parasitize hymenoptera nests -extremely painful sting |
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mud dauber waps
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female:
put live spider in nest cell male helps guard the nest |
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parasitoid
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insect whose larvae consumer host
three levels of interaction: 1. plant 2. herbivore 3. parasitoid |
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bark beetles
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infest pine trees
carry fungus modify tree terpenes this also attracts parasitoid wasp |
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Joe Lewis
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-catipillar feeds
-plant damage signals parasitic wasp -to find host wasp uses: smell wounded plant, grass and host cuticle teach wasps to find specific crop |
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war on bio terroism fought by?
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training wasps to detect toxins
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solitary bee
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-digs nest and collects pollen
-bees have branched hairs for pollen -marks nest with chemical scent -lay egg- larvae eats pollen |
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mining bee
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-rich in protein
-vegetarians -solitary -uses chemical communication -memorize nest location |
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carpenter bee
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-male is territorial
-female builds nest -the cells with female egg larger than cells with male -the daughter will guard and reuse the nest |
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pollination
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transfer of pollen from anthers(male) to stigma(female)
-70% of all plants pollenated by insects |
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lily flower
(example of pollenation) |
smells and looks like corpse
blow flies are attracted and trapped flies are then dusted with pollen which they spread to next plant |
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hammer orchid and solitary wasp
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flower is shaped like a female wasp and pheromone smells like wasp
-male tries to mate -plants puts pollen on male and the wasp then moves on to pollenate |
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queen bee
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-rules colony with queen pheromone
-workers do not reproduce |
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when queen takes over
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-workers make large cells
-workers feed on queen larvae royal jelly -queen larvae are much larger than the worker larvae -queen emerges and kills any rivals |
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drome
(male which is unfertilized egg) |
-part of parthenogenesis
drome has larger eyes it mates and dies and sperm good for 5 years |
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worker female is a fertalized egg
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-nurse
-produces wax -guard bee -forager |
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bee sting
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stinger is barbed bee dies after
stinger contains protein and melittin |
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altruism
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self-destructive behavior for sacrifice of others
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wasp nests
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queen starts nest with cells and pedicel
lays eggs larvae eat other insets. spin silk and adults emerge |
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stining by social wasps
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only done by females
stinger: at end of abdomen it is a modified ovipositor |
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paper wasp nest defense
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apply fatty acid to base of nest to repel ants
wasps defend together use alarm pheromone |
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paper wasp composition of nest
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plant fiber and saliva which acts as the glue
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kin recognition
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wasps and hornets use cuticular hydrocarbons
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fire ants
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family: formicide
genus: solenopsis origin: South America entry into U.S.- mobile Alabama red and black |
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about fire ants
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-destroy young fruit
-benefit: attack pest insects -attracted to electric circuits |
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ants
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only 4th in star larvae can eat solids
only the reproductive male and female have wings\ venom has alkaloids |
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trophallaxis
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exchange of liquids between members of a colony
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chemical control
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8000 chemicals
nemadtodes Fire ant pheromone as bait parasitoid fly eats the fire ant head |
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myremocology
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study of ants
-E.O Wilson best known to study -ant colonies live 2-18 years queen mates one time and stores sperm |
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spermatheca
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chamber sac in the abdomen for sperm
-storage produced by male storage done by female |
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ants, bees, and wasps have
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nest mate recognition
and cuticular hydrocarbons |
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weaver ants
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nest made of leaves bound together with silk and larvae.
symbiosis- caterpillar secretes fluid for ants and the ants protect the caterpillar. Caterpillar attracts ants by producing sound. |
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army ants
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workers link together with leg hooks
nomads: have no nest workers: are blind or have poor eyesight |
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leaf cutter ants
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-cut leafs
-carry leaf to nest -feed on fungus that grows on leaf |
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ant control
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-dont like Co2
-limited use of insecticide |
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cecropia plants and ants
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symbiotic relationship
-azteca ants protect cecropia -cecropia provides sugar pacets for azteca ant -azteca ants survive in the stem |
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what is the common name for members of the order Phasmida?
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walking sticks
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what kind of metamorphosis do members of hemiptera have?
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incomplete metamorphosis
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Ronald Ross is famous for his work with?
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mosquitos
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what genus does the bronze leaf beetle belong?
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Diachus
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bees are
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pollen feeders
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what small arthopod has an hourglass shape on the abdomen
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black widow spider
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what is genus name of organism that causes lyme disease?
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borrelia
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order for tube and wingless?
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siphonaptera
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how many pairs of antanae do most insects have?
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one
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Randy Lewis of University of Wyoming works with?
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spiders
works on cloning spider silk |
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stinger of the social wasp is a modified?
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ovipositor(tube through which deposits eggs)
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what dosnt do well where fire ants are present?
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blue birds
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insects most important as vectors of human disease belong to?
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diptera
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mayfly nymphs live?
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live 1 to 3 years
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which is smaller a deer tick or a dog tick?
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deer tick
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which anthrodpod can cause skin neurosis
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brown recluse
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insects that vector malaria belong to the order of?
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diptera
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which order does the migratory grasshopper belong
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orthoptera
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what is another name for leaf cutter ants?
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parasol ants
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hammer orchid pollenated by?
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solitary wasp
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zig zag strands of orb weaver spider called?
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stabilmentum
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what year did Rachael Carson die?
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1964
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silk first used where? and by what?
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China and by silkworm moth
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how many species of ants are found in the U.S.?
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2
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which insect vectored disease causes the most deaths each year?
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malaria
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how many pairs of wings do mosquitos have?
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one
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DDT containes
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chlorine
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egg case deposited by a praying mantis is?
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ootheca
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true/ false most insects excrete uric acid?
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true
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how many wings in order hymenptera have?
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2 pairs of wings
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diptera mouthparts?
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piercing/ sucking
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DDT was banned from use in?
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1972
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crypis?
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resemblance of organism to its background
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autotomy?
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loss of leg to escape
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how many times can a male honey bee sting you?
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none. only females sting
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spider subclass?
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araneae
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disease agent causes Elephantiasis
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round worm
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anthropod lives in cecropia tree?
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azteca ant
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river blindness vectored?
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black fly
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genus disease agent bubonic plague
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Yersina Pestis
agent-bacteria |
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bald faced hornet builds what kind of nest?
-native to georgia |
bag nest, white and black
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Eurpeon Hornet is?
-native to georgia |
yellow and black, hidden nest
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Diplopoda common name
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millipedes
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male honey bees mate?
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once
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silk produced?
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in Eastern Europe after second world war
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fleas?
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adjust reproductive cycle to match host
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Departmental by Robert Frost is about?
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ants
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USDA lab tifton georgia works with
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parasitoid wasps and catapillars
-joe lewis |
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what food does mud dauber wasp provide for young?
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live spider
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what insect most important to forensic entomologist
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blow flies
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what phylum do ticks belong?
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arthropoda
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which insect order most harmful to humans?
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diptera
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fire ants can eat solids at which life stage?
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4th instar larvae
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fireants first introduced?
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mobile, alabama
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vector chagas disease?
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kissing bus
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Miriam Rothschild
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famous for work with fleas
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men in New Guinea
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eat insects (capricorn beetle) that they collect in the larvae stage
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insects order lepidoptera
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siphoning mouthparts
complete metamorphosis greatest color variation |
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what percent of plants are pollenated?
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70%
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when was EPA formed?
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1970
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ants have what kind of metamorphosis?
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complete metamorphosis
part of hymenoptera |
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most spiders are?
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-predators
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hornets have what kind of mouth parts?
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chewing mouthparts
butterflies have siphoning |
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fleas belong?
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siphonaptera
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dragonflies belong to?
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odonata
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when buttefly larvae puppates it makes?
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a chrysilis
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where is Chagas disease most prevalent?
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South America
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mayflies belong to the order
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ephemeroptera
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trophollaxis
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exchange liquid between membersof a colony
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polistes wasps make their nests out of?
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paper
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paper wasps molt only when
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it is a larvae
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damsflies lay eggs in
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plant stems under water
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hornets recognize nestmates by
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cuticular hydrocarbons
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batesian mimicry is?
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resembalence of an edible species to an unpalatable species
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Nemoria Arizonaria catepillars mimic
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oak trees and flowers
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why do insects excrete uric acid?
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limits water loss
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Terry Erwin
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discovered 80% new beetles did so by fogging trees
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irodes dammini is vector of?
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lyme disease
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Winslow H?
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at uga museum of arts
butterflies |
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chitin is
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a polymer
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5 characteristics of order orthoptera
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-stridulation
-chewing mouthparts -front wings narrow -back wings fan like -strong hind legs -incomplete metamorphosis |
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weaver ants make nest bound together
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with silk from ant larvae
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2 species of hornets in georgia
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boldface
european |
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blueberry bees what order?
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hymenoptera
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2 main body parts of spider
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cephalothorax and abdomen
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Gary Larson draws
|
the Far side cartoons
|
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Vincent Holt wrote
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"why not eat insects" in 1885
|
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when honeybee lays a fertalized egg it is?
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female
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butterflies have what kind of metamorphosis?
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complete
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blow flies determine
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postmortem interval
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hymen means
|
god of marriage ptera means wings
-refers to union of fore and hind wings |
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species going extinct at rate of
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one per day
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spermatheca located
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on abdomen of queen fire ant
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genus name causes malaria?
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Plasmodium
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silk produced by spiders composed of what polymer?
|
protein
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fire ant venom contains
|
alkaloids
|
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insects in which order have the greatest variation of color?
|
lepidoptera
|
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insects in war?
|
-modfy plague
-destroy crops -war on drugs |
|
|
plague agent?
resivoir= rodents |
enters flea through blood meal
bacteria multiply in flea gut flea seeks new host feeds on new host regurgitates blood with bacteria host infected |
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complete metamorphosis
|
egg-larvae-puppa-adult
-more have this (87%) |
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incomplete metamorphosis
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egg-nymph-adult
-less only 13% |
