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207 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
siphonaptera??
|
sipho=tube
ptera=wingless common name is fleas |
|
characteristics of siphonaptera
|
-complete metamorphosis
-peircing/sucking mouthparts -no wings -many disease vectors |
|
about fleas:
|
-female needs blood for eggs
-eat 15 times their weight -larva feed on adult feces |
|
about flea larva
|
-larva spins sticky cacoon
-cacoon camoflaged -enviro is important |
|
what are fleas attracted to?
|
-heat
-co2 -light -movement |
|
what is resilin
|
a protein in back legs works like rubber band
-can jump 200 X length |
|
Miriam Rothschild
|
a world flea expert
showed fleas react to female hosts hormones they adjust their cycle to match that of host and lay eggs on the babies of the host. |
|
Bubonic Plagues
|
swollen lymph nodes=bubo
death rate is 75% vector: rat flea organism: bacteria genus: Yersinia pestis antibiotic treatments are affected |
|
Rodents
|
-bacteria enter flea with blood meal
-bacteria multiple in flea gut -flea seeks new host -regurgitates blood with bacteria -host is infected |
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Elephantias
|
vecotr= mosquitos
disease organism: round worms -causes swollen apendages |
|
River Blindness
|
vector=black flies
disease organism: round worms found in West Africa |
|
how does river blindness work?
|
-infected fly transmits larval worm to person. the worm grows slowly, the adults worms produce young which causes itchy and loose skin. there is a gradual loss of sight.
|
|
what treatment exists for river blindness?
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no effective treatment
|
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what foundation helps in river blindness
|
Carter Foundation
|
|
possible use of insects in war?
|
-modify plague bacteria
-destroy crops -war on drugs |
|
Jeffery Lockwood
|
six legged soldiers the idea of using insects as weapon of war.
|
|
ethnoentomology
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Cultural impact of insects
|
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who is Darrel Posey
|
-studied ethnoentomology of Kayopo (central Brazil)
-what they do is place an ant colony near the crops and ants cultivate plants and wasp colony in banana tree. -men become adults=hit large wasp nests the wasp nest =the universe |
|
what is sago?
|
extracted from sago palms
-it provides starch = 80% of calories people also eat Capricorn beetle which provides protein |
|
what kinds of bugs do they eat in Thailand?
|
-steamed bamboo worms
-water bugs -steamed hornet grubs |
|
what kinds of bugs do they eat in Boswania?
|
-charcoal grilled catapillars
|
|
what did Australian aborigines eat?
|
beetle larva: witchetty grubs
|
|
Vincent Holt said why not eat insects- his reasons??
|
1. protein
2. fat 3. vitamens |
|
what is the favorite insect of the arts?
|
butterfly
|
|
what nursery rhyme is about the bubonic plague?
|
ring around the rosie
|
|
which poet wrote alot about insects?
|
Robert Frost
|
|
what are some terms for insects in language?
|
-busy as a bee
-waspish -gruby -roach -social butterfly |
|
what is a famous musical piece?
|
Flight of the bumble bee
by: Rimsky-Korsakov |
|
who is Maria Merian?
|
combined art and entomology
|
|
forensic entomology
|
study of insects from a legal perspective
-estimate postmortem interval |
|
estimate postmortem interval
|
-based on blow fly development
-most accurate in first 30 days -several species blow fly involved |
|
about blow flies?
|
-arrive at corpse first
-larva develop -temperature development -succession of insects is predictable |
|
what does a forensic entomologist do?
|
-recover insects from the body
-identify the insects |
|
Magot mass
|
a large number of blow fly larvae in carvion
they maintain a high temperature |
|
decomposition studies
|
-test animal
-environment conditions are recorded -succession of insects monitored |
|
what is at the University of Tennessee
|
the body farm
people donate bodies book called Deaths Acre |
|
Case study from Oregon
|
-rifle fired at party
-neighbor killed -body found 1 month later -insect evidence set time of death |
|
Case Study
|
-child brought to hospital suffering from abuse and neglect
-anal and genitals had dlies -larvae age= 5 days -diapers were not changed for 5 days |
|
Case study from Chicago
|
-women raped by man in ski mask
-mask in apartment -suspect said mask hadnt been worn -burrs from crime scene on mask -catapillars in burrs -the life cycle eggs laid in summer so mask had to have been outside in the last 6 months |
|
Case study from Tennessee
|
female skeleton found jan. 29
-large wasp nest in skull -skull must have been dry in spring -blow fly puparia in skull -blow fly in skull in warm season -women must have died 18 months ago |
|
Ticks and Mites
|
class= arachnida
subclass= acari |
|
about ticks and mites
|
-usually 8 legs
-two main body parts cephalothorax and abdomen (no division exists between the two) |
|
lime disease
(associated with high prevalence of deer) |
-vector: deer tick
-disease organism: bacteria -genus: borrelia most prevalent in northeast, appeared first in Connecticut and has had a ressurgence |
|
how does lime disease work?
|
feed infected mite, bacteria multiply in the tick, tick feed on man
-circular rash appears, flu like symptons later arthritis and nerve problems antibiotics are effective |
|
deer tick
|
-nymph usual vector
-year 1 - larva hatch feed and molt -year 2- nymphs feed: adults emerge and feed -birds disperse ticks |
|
lime disease
|
cause unknown
attacks heart, nervous system, joints patient response variable |
|
prevention
|
-protective clothing in woods
-have someone check |
|
rocky mountain spotted fever
|
vector: dog tick
disease agent: bacterium genus: riskettsia most prevalent in west |
|
scorpians
|
class: arachnida
subclass: scorpiones |
|
about scorpians
|
-large pinchers
-tail with venom -can kill humans |
|
more about scorpions
|
-blind
-survive extreme temperatures -male puts sperm on stalk and pulls female over stalk -female live birth |
|
spiders
|
class: arachnida
subclass- aranea |
|
about spiders
|
-two main body parts
cephalothorax joined to abdomen by pedicel - 8 legs -produce silk |
|
what do male spiders deliver sperm with?
|
palps which are modified mouthparts
|
|
large jawed spider
|
male produces sperm in abdomen and transfers to special web and then to palps on cephalothorax
|
|
jumping spider
|
male attracts female with mating dance where he puts her in a trance with front leg movement
|
|
Net Casting Spider
|
male talks to the female by strumming on the web
uses palps deliver sperm to female female mates once stores sperm male may mate many times |
|
Saint Andrews Cross Spider
|
female much larger than male
male plucks on web to identify web risks death in order to mate |
|
orb weaver
|
stabilmentum= zig zag cross strands in web
-warns birds so dont fly into -some may use to find silk for their nest |
|
tarantulas
(many different species) |
-covered with hairs
-can throw at predator -hairs barbed like espitis and toxins |
|
black widow
|
-hourglass on abdomen
it is underneath and hard to see |
|
about black widow venom
|
-intense pain peaks at 30 minutes
-venom in neuortoxin -venom 30times more toxic than rattlesnake nausea and profuse sweating |
|
brown recuse
|
-violin on cephalothorax
-venom causes skin rash (necrosis) |
|
spider silk
|
first production in china
Si-Ling-Chi was goddess of the silk worms |
|
secrets of silk production
|
went first from China to Japan
Marco Polo brought back to Europe |
|
silkworm larvae
|
silk has protien
protein made of small amino acids |
|
spider silk
|
Randy Law
(University of Wyoming) cloned spider silk gene medicine:sutures, bandages, and ligaments fabrics: parachutes, clothes, and canoes |
|
hymenoptera
|
hymen= god of marriage
ptera=wings common name= ants, bees, wasps |
|
characteristics of hymenoptera
|
-complete metamorphosis
-chewing mouthparts -2 pair membranous wings -female select sex -most beneficial |
|
hymenoptera
|
compact wings that fold back
back wings hooked to front wings wings beat as if one pair |
|
relevant solitary wasp
|
adult females
-wingless, hairy, and bright colored -parasitize hymenoptera nests -extremely painful sting |
|
mud dauber waps
|
female:
put live spider in nest cell male helps guard the nest |
|
parasitoid
|
insect whose larvae consumer host
three levels of interaction: 1. plant 2. herbivore 3. parasitoid |
|
bark beetles
|
infest pine trees
carry fungus modify tree terpenes this also attracts parasitoid wasp |
|
Joe Lewis
|
-catipillar feeds
-plant damage signals parasitic wasp -to find host wasp uses: smell wounded plant, grass and host cuticle teach wasps to find specific crop |
|
war on bio terroism fought by?
|
training wasps to detect toxins
|
|
solitary bee
|
-digs nest and collects pollen
-bees have branched hairs for pollen -marks nest with chemical scent -lay egg- larvae eats pollen |
|
mining bee
|
-rich in protein
-vegetarians -solitary -uses chemical communication -memorize nest location |
|
carpenter bee
|
-male is territorial
-female builds nest -the cells with female egg larger than cells with male -the daughter will guard and reuse the nest |
|
pollination
|
transfer of pollen from anthers(male) to stigma(female)
-70% of all plants pollenated by insects |
|
lily flower
(example of pollenation) |
smells and looks like corpse
blow flies are attracted and trapped flies are then dusted with pollen which they spread to next plant |
|
hammer orchid and solitary wasp
|
flower is shaped like a female wasp and pheromone smells like wasp
-male tries to mate -plants puts pollen on male and the wasp then moves on to pollenate |
|
queen bee
|
-rules colony with queen pheromone
-workers do not reproduce |
|
when queen takes over
|
-workers make large cells
-workers feed on queen larvae royal jelly -queen larvae are much larger than the worker larvae -queen emerges and kills any rivals |
|
drome
(male which is unfertilized egg) |
-part of parthenogenesis
drome has larger eyes it mates and dies and sperm good for 5 years |
|
worker female is a fertalized egg
|
-nurse
-produces wax -guard bee -forager |
|
bee sting
|
stinger is barbed bee dies after
stinger contains protein and melittin |
|
altruism
|
self-destructive behavior for sacrifice of others
|
|
wasp nests
|
queen starts nest with cells and pedicel
lays eggs larvae eat other insets. spin silk and adults emerge |
|
stining by social wasps
|
only done by females
stinger: at end of abdomen it is a modified ovipositor |
|
paper wasp nest defense
|
apply fatty acid to base of nest to repel ants
wasps defend together use alarm pheromone |
|
paper wasp composition of nest
|
plant fiber and saliva which acts as the glue
|
|
kin recognition
|
wasps and hornets use cuticular hydrocarbons
|
|
fire ants
|
family: formicide
genus: solenopsis origin: South America entry into U.S.- mobile Alabama red and black |
|
about fire ants
|
-destroy young fruit
-benefit: attack pest insects -attracted to electric circuits |
|
ants
|
only 4th in star larvae can eat solids
only the reproductive male and female have wings\ venom has alkaloids |
|
trophallaxis
|
exchange of liquids between members of a colony
|
|
chemical control
|
8000 chemicals
nemadtodes Fire ant pheromone as bait parasitoid fly eats the fire ant head |
|
myremocology
|
study of ants
-E.O Wilson best known to study -ant colonies live 2-18 years queen mates one time and stores sperm |
|
spermatheca
|
chamber sac in the abdomen for sperm
-storage produced by male storage done by female |
|
ants, bees, and wasps have
|
nest mate recognition
and cuticular hydrocarbons |
|
weaver ants
|
nest made of leaves bound together with silk and larvae.
symbiosis- caterpillar secretes fluid for ants and the ants protect the caterpillar. Caterpillar attracts ants by producing sound. |
|
army ants
|
workers link together with leg hooks
nomads: have no nest workers: are blind or have poor eyesight |
|
leaf cutter ants
|
-cut leafs
-carry leaf to nest -feed on fungus that grows on leaf |
|
ant control
|
-dont like Co2
-limited use of insecticide |
|
cecropia plants and ants
|
symbiotic relationship
-azteca ants protect cecropia -cecropia provides sugar pacets for azteca ant -azteca ants survive in the stem |
|
what is the common name for members of the order Phasmida?
|
walking sticks
|
|
what kind of metamorphosis do members of hemiptera have?
|
incomplete metamorphosis
|
|
Ronald Ross is famous for his work with?
|
mosquitos
|
|
what genus does the bronze leaf beetle belong?
|
Diachus
|
|
bees are
|
pollen feeders
|
|
what small arthopod has an hourglass shape on the abdomen
|
black widow spider
|
|
what is genus name of organism that causes lyme disease?
|
borrelia
|
|
order for tube and wingless?
|
siphonaptera
|
|
how many pairs of antanae do most insects have?
|
one
|
|
Randy Lewis of University of Wyoming works with?
|
spiders
works on cloning spider silk |
|
stinger of the social wasp is a modified?
|
ovipositor(tube through which deposits eggs)
|
|
what dosnt do well where fire ants are present?
|
blue birds
|
|
insects most important as vectors of human disease belong to?
|
diptera
|
|
mayfly nymphs live?
|
live 1 to 3 years
|
|
which is smaller a deer tick or a dog tick?
|
deer tick
|
|
which anthrodpod can cause skin neurosis
|
brown recluse
|
|
insects that vector malaria belong to the order of?
|
diptera
|
|
which order does the migratory grasshopper belong
|
orthoptera
|
|
what is another name for leaf cutter ants?
|
parasol ants
|
|
hammer orchid pollenated by?
|
solitary wasp
|
|
zig zag strands of orb weaver spider called?
|
stabilmentum
|
|
what year did Rachael Carson die?
|
1964
|
|
silk first used where? and by what?
|
China and by silkworm moth
|
|
how many species of ants are found in the U.S.?
|
2
|
|
which insect vectored disease causes the most deaths each year?
|
malaria
|
|
how many pairs of wings do mosquitos have?
|
one
|
|
DDT containes
|
chlorine
|
|
egg case deposited by a praying mantis is?
|
ootheca
|
|
true/ false most insects excrete uric acid?
|
true
|
|
how many wings in order hymenptera have?
|
2 pairs of wings
|
|
diptera mouthparts?
|
piercing/ sucking
|
|
DDT was banned from use in?
|
1972
|
|
crypis?
|
resemblance of organism to its background
|
|
autotomy?
|
loss of leg to escape
|
|
how many times can a male honey bee sting you?
|
none. only females sting
|
|
spider subclass?
|
araneae
|
|
disease agent causes Elephantiasis
|
round worm
|
|
anthropod lives in cecropia tree?
|
azteca ant
|
|
river blindness vectored?
|
black fly
|
|
genus disease agent bubonic plague
|
Yersina Pestis
agent-bacteria |
|
bald faced hornet builds what kind of nest?
-native to georgia |
bag nest, white and black
|
|
Eurpeon Hornet is?
-native to georgia |
yellow and black, hidden nest
|
|
Diplopoda common name
|
millipedes
|
|
male honey bees mate?
|
once
|
|
silk produced?
|
in Eastern Europe after second world war
|
|
fleas?
|
adjust reproductive cycle to match host
|
|
Departmental by Robert Frost is about?
|
ants
|
|
USDA lab tifton georgia works with
|
parasitoid wasps and catapillars
-joe lewis |
|
what food does mud dauber wasp provide for young?
|
live spider
|
|
what insect most important to forensic entomologist
|
blow flies
|
|
what phylum do ticks belong?
|
arthropoda
|
|
which insect order most harmful to humans?
|
diptera
|
|
fire ants can eat solids at which life stage?
|
4th instar larvae
|
|
fireants first introduced?
|
mobile, alabama
|
|
vector chagas disease?
|
kissing bus
|
|
Miriam Rothschild
|
famous for work with fleas
|
|
men in New Guinea
|
eat insects (capricorn beetle) that they collect in the larvae stage
|
|
insects order lepidoptera
|
siphoning mouthparts
complete metamorphosis greatest color variation |
|
what percent of plants are pollenated?
|
70%
|
|
when was EPA formed?
|
1970
|
|
ants have what kind of metamorphosis?
|
complete metamorphosis
part of hymenoptera |
|
most spiders are?
|
-predators
|
|
hornets have what kind of mouth parts?
|
chewing mouthparts
butterflies have siphoning |
|
fleas belong?
|
siphonaptera
|
|
dragonflies belong to?
|
odonata
|
|
when buttefly larvae puppates it makes?
|
a chrysilis
|
|
where is Chagas disease most prevalent?
|
South America
|
|
mayflies belong to the order
|
ephemeroptera
|
|
trophollaxis
|
exchange liquid between membersof a colony
|
|
polistes wasps make their nests out of?
|
paper
|
|
paper wasps molt only when
|
it is a larvae
|
|
damsflies lay eggs in
|
plant stems under water
|
|
hornets recognize nestmates by
|
cuticular hydrocarbons
|
|
batesian mimicry is?
|
resembalence of an edible species to an unpalatable species
|
|
Nemoria Arizonaria catepillars mimic
|
oak trees and flowers
|
|
why do insects excrete uric acid?
|
limits water loss
|
|
Terry Erwin
|
discovered 80% new beetles did so by fogging trees
|
|
irodes dammini is vector of?
|
lyme disease
|
|
Winslow H?
|
at uga museum of arts
butterflies |
|
chitin is
|
a polymer
|
|
5 characteristics of order orthoptera
|
-stridulation
-chewing mouthparts -front wings narrow -back wings fan like -strong hind legs -incomplete metamorphosis |
|
weaver ants make nest bound together
|
with silk from ant larvae
|
|
2 species of hornets in georgia
|
boldface
european |
|
blueberry bees what order?
|
hymenoptera
|
|
2 main body parts of spider
|
cephalothorax and abdomen
|
|
Gary Larson draws
|
the Far side cartoons
|
|
Vincent Holt wrote
|
"why not eat insects" in 1885
|
|
when honeybee lays a fertalized egg it is?
|
female
|
|
butterflies have what kind of metamorphosis?
|
complete
|
|
blow flies determine
|
postmortem interval
|
|
hymen means
|
god of marriage ptera means wings
-refers to union of fore and hind wings |
|
species going extinct at rate of
|
one per day
|
|
spermatheca located
|
on abdomen of queen fire ant
|
|
genus name causes malaria?
|
Plasmodium
|
|
silk produced by spiders composed of what polymer?
|
protein
|
|
fire ant venom contains
|
alkaloids
|
|
insects in which order have the greatest variation of color?
|
lepidoptera
|
|
insects in war?
|
-modfy plague
-destroy crops -war on drugs |
|
plague agent?
resivoir= rodents |
enters flea through blood meal
bacteria multiply in flea gut flea seeks new host feeds on new host regurgitates blood with bacteria host infected |
|
complete metamorphosis
|
egg-larvae-puppa-adult
-more have this (87%) |
|
incomplete metamorphosis
|
egg-nymph-adult
-less only 13% |