• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/48

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Rhinovirus causes disease of the _________ system
nasopharyngeal
Rhinoviruses vs. enteroviruses: what is the pH sensitivity?
Rhinoviruses are labile to acid; Enteroviruses are resistant to acid (pH of 3, so they can survive stomach and infect GI tract)
What is the difference in preferred temperature between rhino- and enteroviruses?
Rhino viruses have a preferred temperature of 33 C (respiratory tract is cooler), while enteroviruses have a preference for higher temps (37 C)
What is the difference in <b>sensitivity to detergent</b> between rhino- and enteroviruses?
Rhinoviruses: sensitive
Enteroviruses: resistant
What is the difference in <b>site of primary infection</b> between rhino- and enteroviruses?
Rhino: upper
Entero: GI tract
Rhinovirus: Clinical Findings/Symptoms
2 - 4 day incubation, early chills
Sneezing, nasal clogging, runny nose, sore throat, no fever
What cell types does poliomyelitis affect?
- inflammation of the gray (polios) anterior matter of the spinal cord (myelos).

Death of motor neurons
Sensory neurons unaffected
2 genera of picornaviridae
1) Enterovirus
2) Rhinovirus
5 subgroups of Enteroviruses
1) Poliovirus
2) Coxsackie A
3) Coxsackie B
4) Echovirus
5) New enteroviruses
What do cell type do enteroviruses infect?
intestinal epithelial and lymphoid cells (eg. Peyer's patches, tonsils)
How are enteroviruses transmitted?
fecal-oral
What cells does poliovirus infect?
1) Peyer's patches of the intestine
2) Motor neurons
T/F Adults are more likely to develop paralytic poliomyelitis
T
What are the 3 disease manifestations of polio?
1) Mild illness: an asymptomatic infection or mild febrile illness
2) Aseptic meningitis
3) Paralytic poliomyelitis
Mild polio illness is most common in what population?
Infants in less-developed nations where sanitation is poor
Paralytic poliomyelitis: what happens?
Damage to ventral horn of spinal cord and postsynaptic neurons leaving the horn.
What are the two polio vaccines?
1) Salk: inactivated polio vaccine (formalin-killed viruses)

2) Sabin: Oral vaccine containing attenuated poliovirus that has lost ability to multiply in CNS
Positives and Negatives of Sabin (live) vaccine:
Positives: Given orally allows formation of both IgG in blood and secretory IgA in GI tract.

Negatives: Vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis can occur if regains virulence. Shouldn't be given to immunodeficient ppl.
______ attached at 5’ end of picornavirus.
Virion protein genome (VPg peptide)
How many serotypes of polio?
3
What is the common polio antigen across all 3 serotypes?
There is none
ECHO (Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan) virus: what is it?
type of RNA virus that belongs to the genus Enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family.[1] Echoviruses are found in the gastrointestinal tract (hence it being part of the enterovirus genus) and exposure to the virus causes other opportunistic infections and diseases.
T/F The Sabin (live) vaccine requires boosters
False. Only the Salk(killed) vaccine requires boosters.
How is polio diagnosed?
Virus isolation: throat swab within a few days of onset, or swab from feces/rectum

Hard to recover from CNS
T/F In the killed vaccine (salk), there is no intestinal immunity, so wild poliovirus continues to be transmitted by oral-fecal route
T
When was last wild-type polio case?
1978
T/F With the live vaccine, the entire population of concern (eg, family, prison, etc) must get the vaccine because it can mutate.
T
What are post polio syndrome sx?
Fatigue, Myalgia, Arthralgia, Weakness, Cold intolerance, atrophy, problems walking, stair climbing, dressing, etc.
when does post polio syndrome occur?
30-40 years after acute illness.

Can even happen with patients who had very mild poliomyelitis.
What is believed to cause post polio syndrome?
After the death of certain motor neurons, neighboring motor neurons sprouted at axons, reinnerating 5-10x more muscle cells than original motor neuron, resulting in giant motoneuron units. (aka remodeling)


After many years, these begint o break down possibly due to overuse.
Could also be immune-modulated.
What are the two types of degeneration proposed in post polio syndrome?
1) A progressive lesion – resulting the inability of the regenerated axons sprouts to keeps pace with the dying or malfunctioning sprouts.
2) A fluctuating lesion occurs when there is a faulty synthesis or release of acetylcholine neurotransmitter.
What are the same clinical symptoms that can be caused by the coxsackie viruses, echoviruses, and new enteroviruses (named after 1969)?
1) Asymptomatic/mild febrile infections
2) Respiratory sx (cold)
3) Rashes
4) Aseptic meningitis
Most common cause of non-bacterial (aka aseptic) meningitis
Enteroviruses
Common acute illness mostly in children with fever, oral vesicles, and small tender lesions on hands, feet, and buttocks
Hand, foot, and mouth syndrome
How are Coxsackie A and B differentiated?
By their effects on MICE.
A caused paralysis and death of mouse with extensive skeletal muscle necrosis.
B was less serious.
What two diseases does Coxsackie A cause in humans?
1) Hand, foot, and mouth syndrome

2) Herpangina
Mild self-limiting illness with fever, sore throat, small red vesicles over the back of the throat
Herpangina
Difference in appearance between herpangina and HSV1
Herpangina vesicles tend to be redder
How is Hand, foot, and mouth syndrome-associated lesions different from gonococcemia?
gonococcemia is associated with a vesicular or pustular eruption on the hands which could be mistaken for HFM

Mouth lesions absent in gonococcemia and there'd be a history of urethral d/c or vaginal discharge
T/F In Hand Foot and Mouth Disease,
Herpetic lesions are usually confined to one finger and not distributed.
T
What is pleurodynia and what causes it?
Fever, headache, and severe lower thoracic pain on breathing.

Coxsackie B respiratory infection.
Which Coxsackie causes myocarditis/pericarditis?
B
ECHO (Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan) virus: where found?
alimentary tract of humans (causes no disease in mice)
ECHO (Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan) virus: what clinical syndromes associated with it?
maculopapular rash, respiratory disease, diarrhea? minor illness
T/F Infections with enteroviruses other than poliovirus can cause paralytic poliomyelitis.
T
Which diseases are both polio and cox A associated with?
1) Paralytic disease
2) Meningitis/encephalitis
3) Resp infections
4) Undifferentiated fever
Which diseases are both ECHO and cox B associated with?
1) Meningitis/encephalitis
2) Carditis
3) Neonatal disease
4) Rash (Cox A too but NOT polio)
5) Undifferentiated fever (polio and Cox A too)
Diabetes/pancreatitis is associated with what virus?
Cox B