Ent

Front 1

how long is the external auditory canal in adults

Back 1

2.5 cm

Front 2

transmit sound from tympanic membrane to the oval window of the inner ear

Back 2

ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes)

Front 3

separates the external ear from the middle ear

Back 3

tympanic membrane

Front 4

transmits sound impulses to CN VIII

Back 4

cochlea

Front 5

floor of the nose is formed by

Back 5

hard and soft palate

Front 6

roof of the nose is formed by

Back 6

frontal and sphenoid bone

Front 7

convergence of small fragile arteries and veins located superficially on the anterior superior portion of the septum

Back 7

Kiesselbach plexus

Front 8

nasolacrimal duct drains into

Back 8

inferior meatus

Front 9

paranasal sinuses drain into

Back 9

medial meatus

Front 10

posterior ethmoid sinus drains into

Back 10

superior meatus

Front 11

lie along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Back 11

maxillary sinuses

Front 12

outlets of the parotid gland

Back 12

stensen ducts

Front 13

outlets of submandibular glands

Back 13

wharton ducts

Front 14

development of the inner ear occurs during

Back 14

first trimester

Front 15

how does infant's external auditory canal compare to the adult's

Back 15

shorter and has an upward curve

Front 16

how does infant's eustachian tube compare to the adult's

Back 16

wider, shorter, and more horizontal

Front 17

sphenoid sinus is not fully developed until

Back 17

puberty

Front 18

front sinus develops

Back 18

by 7-8

Front 19

deciduous teeth begin to calcify

Back 19

3rd month

Front 20

20 deciduous teeth appear

Back 20

6-24 months

Front 21

permanent teeth begin forming in the jaw

Back 21

6 months

Front 22

eruption of permanent teeth

Back 22

6 years; completed by 14-15

Front 23

white children's 3rd molars erupt

Back 23

18 years

Front 24

hearing begins to deteriorate by

Back 24

50

Front 25

causes hearing to deteriorate with aging

Back 25

degeneration of hair cells in the organ of Corti

Front 26

a network of capillaries that may atrophy and contribute to hearing loss

Back 26

stria vascularis

Front 27

sensorineural hearing loss first occurs with

Back 27

high-frequency sounds

Front 28

conducting hearing loss is caused by

Back 28

excess deposition of bone cells along the ossicle chain
fewer sebaceous glands are active (dry cerumen)
tympanic membrane becomes more translucent and sclerotic

Front 29

genetic disease that causes hearing loss

Back 29

Meniere disease

Front 30

risk of hearing loss if birth weight

Back 30

< 1500 g

Front 31

infections that may cause hearing loss

Back 31

bacterial meningitis, recurrent otitis media

Front 32

risk factor for oral cancer, age

Back 32

> 40

Front 33

risk factor for oral cancer, gender

Back 33

men twice as likely

Front 34

risk factor for oral cancer, ethnicity

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black

Front 35

risk factor for oral cancer, occupation

Back 35

textile industry, leather manufacturing

Front 36

risk factor for oral cancer, systemic disease

Back 36

pernicious or iron deficiency anemia, HIV infection, lichen planus

Front 37

thickening along the upper ridge of the helix

Back 37

Darwin tubercle (expected variation)

Front 38

pallor or excessive redness of the external ear may be the result of

Back 38

vasomotor instability

Front 39

can cause extreme pallor

Back 39

frostbite

Front 40

small, whitish uric acid crystals along the peripheral margins of the auricles

Back 40

tophi - gout

Front 41

lateral posterior angle of the auricle should be

Back 41

< 10°

Front 42

an auricle w/ a low-set or unusual angle may indicate

Back 42

chromosomal aberrations or renal disorders

Front 43

purulent foul-smelling discharge is associated with

Back 43

otitis or foreign body

Front 44

bloody or serous discharge suggests

Back 44

skull fracture

Front 45

pain in the lobule

Back 45

inflammation of external auditory canal

Front 46

speculum should be inserted to a depth of

Back 46

1-1.5 cm or 0.5 in

Front 47

wet cerumen is

Back 47

dark and sticky

Front 48

dry cerumen is

Back 48

light brown to gray, flaky, and sparse

Front 49

tympanic membrane is more conical, usually w/ a loss of bony landmarks and a distorted light reflex

Back 49

bulging

Front 50

tympanic membrane is more concave, usually w/ accentuated bony landmarks and a distorted light reflex

Back 50

retracted

Front 51

mallear blush or dilation of the vessels overlying the malleus can result from

Back 51

applying negative pressure too slowly

Front 52

mousy cerumen

Back 52

Proteus infection

Front 53

putrid cerumen

Back 53

Pseudomonas infection

Front 54

place the base of the vibrating tuning fork on the midline vertex of the patient's head

Back 54

Weber test

Front 55

place the base of the vibrating tuning fork against the pt.'s mastoid bone

Back 55

Rinne test

Front 56

how should the air-conducted sound compare to bone-conducted sound

Back 56

air-conducted should be heard twice as long

Front 57

results when sound transmission is impaired through the external or middle ear

Back 57

conductive hearing loss

Front 58

results from a defect in the inner ear that leads to distortion of sound and misinterpretation of speech

Back 58

sensorineural hearing loss

Front 59

bilateral water discharge associated with sneezing and nasal congestion is indicative of

Back 59

allergy

Front 60

unilateral watery discharge occurring after head trauma may be

Back 60

CSF and indicate a fracture of the cribriform plate

Front 61

bloody discharge

Back 61

epistaxis

Front 62

mucoid discharge

Back 62

rhinitis

Front 63

bilateral purulent discharge

Back 63

URI

Front 64

unilateral, purulent, thick, greenish, and extremely malodorous discharge

Back 64

foreign body

Front 65

localized redness and swelling in the vestibule may indicate

Back 65

furuncle

Front 66

turbinates that appear bluish gray or pale pink with a swollen, boggy consistency may indicate

Back 66

allergies

Front 67

rounded, elongated mass projecting into the nasal cavity from boggy mucosa

Back 67

polyp

Front 68

dry, cracked lips

Back 68

cheilitis

Front 69

deep fissures at the coroners of the mouth

Back 69

cheilosis

Front 70

deep fissures at the coroners of the mouth may indicate

Back 70

riboflavin deficiency

Front 71

angioedema may indicate

Back 71

allergy

Front 72

pallor of the lips

Back 72

anemia

Front 73

circumoral pallor

Back 73

scarlet fever

Front 74

cherry red color of the lips

Back 74

acidosis and carbon monoxide poisoning

Front 75

round, oval, or irregular bluish gray macules of various intensity on the lips and buccal mucosa

Back 75

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Front 76

grayish-white benign lesion of the buccal mucosa

Back 76

Leukoedema

Front 77

molars have customary relationship, but the line of occlusion is incorrect b/c of malpositioned teeth from rotation or other causes

Back 77

Class I malocclusion

Front 78

lower molars are distally positioned in relation to the upper molars

Back 78

Class II malocclusion

Front 79

lower molars are medially positioned in relation to the upper molars

Back 79

Class III malocclusion

Front 80

the Stensen duct should appear as a whitish yellow or whitish pink protrusion in approximate alignment with the

Back 80

2nd upper molar

Front 81

ectopic sebaceous glands that appear on the buccal mucosa and lips as numerous small, yellow-white, raised lesions

Back 81

Fordyce spots (expected variant)

Front 82

deeply pigmented buccal mucosa may indicate

Back 82

endocrine pathologic condition

Front 83

whitish or pinkish scars of the buccal mucosa

Back 83

trauma from poor tooth alignment

Front 84

red spot on the buccal mucosa at the opening of the Stensen duct is associated with

Back 84

parotitis (mumps)

Front 85

white, round, or oval ulcerative lesions with a red halo on the buccal mucosa

Back 85

aphthous ulcers

Front 86

localized gingival enlargement or granuloma (usually inflammatory change)

Back 86

epulis

Front 87

blue-black line about 1 mm from the gum margin may indicate

Back 87

chronic lead or bismuth poisoning

Front 88

easily bleeding, swollen gums that have enlarged crevices b/w the teeth and gum margins, or pockets containing debris at tooth margins

Back 88

gingivitis or periodontal disease

Front 89

discoloration on the crown of a tooth may indicate

Back 89

caries

Front 90

superficial denuded circles or irregular areas exposing the tips of papillae

Back 90

geographic tongue (expected variant)

Front 91

smooth red tongue with a slick appearance

Back 91

niacin (B3) or B12 deficiency

Front 92

hairy tongue w/ yellow-brown to black elongated papillae on the dorsum

Back 92

sometimes follows antibiotic therapy

Front 93

white, irregular lesions on lateral side of tongue or buccal mucosa; may have prominent folds or "hairy" projections

Back 93

oral hairy leukoplakia

Front 94

red, unilateral or bilateral fissures at corners of mouth

Back 94

angular cheilitis

Front 95

creamy white plaques on oral mucosa that bleed when scraped

Back 95

candidiasis

Front 96

recurrent vesicular, crusting lesions on the vermilion border of the lip

Back 96

herpes simplex

Front 97

vesicular and ulcerative oral lesions in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve; may also be on gingiva

Back 97

herpes zoster

Front 98

single or multiple, sessile or pedunculated nodules in the oral cavity

Back 98

human papillomavirus

Front 99

recurrent circumscribed ulcers with an erythematous margin

Back 99

aphthous ulcers

Front 100

plaque or calculus, gingivitis with bone and soft tissue degeneration accompanied by severe pain

Back 100

periodontal disease

Front 101

in the mouth, incompletely formed BVs proliferate, forming lesions of various shades and size as blood extravasates in response to the malignant tumor of the epithelium

Back 101

Kaposi sarcoma

Front 102

bony protuberance at the midline of the hard palate

Back 102

torus palatinus (normal)

Front 103

failure of the soft palate to rise bilaterally with vocalization

Back 103

lesion of CN X

Front 104

which was does uvula deviate with a lesion to CN X?

Back 104

unaffected side

Front 105

if the tonsils are reddened, hypertrophied, and covered with exudate

Back 105

infection

Front 106

red bulge adjacent to the tonsil and extending beyond the midline

Back 106

peritonsillar abscess

Front 107

yellowish mucoid film in the pharynx

Back 107

postnasal drip

Front 108

grayish adherent membrane in pharynx

Back 108

diphtheria

Front 109

gag reflex tests CN

Back 109

IX and X

Front 110

test used to evaluate equilibrium

Back 110

Romberg

Front 111

if further eval. of the vestibular branch of the auditory nerve is indicated, pt. should undergo which test?

Back 111

Nylen-Barany

Front 112

an opaque or dull response on transillumination of the sinuses

Back 112

sinus is filled with secretions or it never developed

Front 113

how many degrees should the auricle deviate from vertical?

Back 113

< 10°

Front 114

auricles poorly shaped or positioned below the imaginary line

Back 114

renal disorders and congenital

Front 115

startle reflex, crying, cessation of breathing or movement in response to sudden noise; quiets to parent's voice

Back 115

birth - 3 months

Front 116

turns head toward source of sound; responds to parent's voice; enjoys sound-producing toys

Back 116

4-6 mos.

Front 117

responds to own name, telephone ringing, and person's voice; turns head 45° toward sound

Back 117

6-10 mos.

Front 118

recognizes and localizes source of sound; imitates simple words and sounds

Back 118

10-12 mos.

Front 119

a preauricular skin tag or pit is a remnant of

Back 119

the 1st branchical cleft

Front 120

which way do you pull the auricle for an otoscopic exam of an infant?

Back 120

down to straighten the upward curvature of the canal

Front 121

why may the light reflex appear diffuse in an infant?

Back 121

the TM does not become conical for several months

Front 122

deviation of the nose from midline may be related to

Back 122

fetal position

Front 123

an obstruction of the naris in an infant may indicate

Back 123

choanal atresia or septal deviation from delivery trauma

Front 124

plaques or crusts on the upper lips during the first few weeks of life

Back 124

sucking calluses

Front 125

non-adherent white patches on the tongue or buccal mucosa are

Back 125

milk deposits

Front 126

adherent white patches on the tongue or buccal mucosa are

Back 126

candidiasis (thrush)

Front 127

secretions that accumulate in the newborn's mouth requiring frequent suctioning may indicate

Back 127

esophageal atresia

Front 128

drooling is common at what age

Back 128

6 weeks to 6 months

Front 129

drooling in infants over 12 months

Back 129

neurologic disorder

Front 130

pearl-like retention cysts that sometimes appear along the buccal margin disappear in

Back 130

1-2 mos.

Front 131

macroglossia (large tongue) is associated with

Back 131

congenital hypothyroidism

Front 132

small, whitish-yellow masses at the juncture b/w the hard and soft palate

Back 132

epstein pearls (common and disappear within a few weeks after birth)

Front 133

when can Weber and Rinne tests be used on a child

Back 133

3 - 4 y/o

Front 134

flattened edges on the teeth may indicate

Back 134

bruxism (unconscious grinding of the teeth)

Front 135

multiple brown areas or caries on the upper and lower incisors

Back 135

baby bottle syndrome (bedtime bottle of juice or milk)

Front 136

mottled or pitted teeth

Back 136

tetracycline treatment during tooth development or enamel dysplasia

Front 137

chalky white lines or speckles on the cutting edges of permanent incisors

Back 137

excessive fluoride intake

Front 138

white specks with a red base on the buccal mucosa opposite the 1st and 2nd molars

Back 138

koplik spots (occur with rubeola in a child with fever, coryza, and cough)

Front 139

tonsils reach peak size b/w

Back 139

2 - 6 y/o

Front 140

sensorineural hearing deterioration with advancing age marked by greater difficulty understanding speech

Back 140

presbycusis

Front 141

causes conductive hearing loss in the elderly

Back 141

otosclerosis

Front 142

infection of the auditory canal resulting when trauma or a moist environment favors bacterial or fungal growth

Back 142

otitis externa (swimmer's ear)

Front 143

obstructed or dysfunctional eustachian tube, allergies, and enlarged lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx may cause

Back 143

middle ear effusion

Front 144

fever, feeling of blockage, tugging earlobe, anorexia, irritability, dizziness, vomiting and diarrhea are the initial symptoms of

Back 144

acute otitis media

Front 145

deep-seated earache

Back 145

acute otitis media

Front 146

foul-smelling discharge if TM ruptures

Back 146

acute otitis media

Front 147

conducting hearing loss as middle ear fills with pus

Back 147

acute otitis media

Front 148

TM may be red, thickened, bulging; full, limited, or no movement to +/- pressure

Back 148

acute otitis media

Front 149

sticking or cracking sound on yawning or swallowing are the initial symptoms of

Back 149

middle ear effusion

Front 150

conductive hearing loss as middle ear fills with fluid

Back 150

middle ear effusion

Front 151

TM is retracted, impaired mobility, yellowish; air-fluid level and/or bubbles

Back 151

middle ear effusion

Front 152

occurs more commonly in Native Americans and Alaskan and Canadian natives

Back 152

acute otitis media

Front 153

most common ear infection in children

Back 153

acute otitis media

Front 154

middle ear effusion in conjunction with the rapid onset of 1 or more of: ear pain, fever, marked redness or distinct fullness or bulging of the TM, and hearing loss

Back 154

acute otitis media

Front 155

epithelial growth that migrates through a perforation in the TM; white, shiny, greasy flecks of debris in the posterior superior section of the middle ear

Back 155

cholesteatoma

Front 156

progressive hearing loss, fullness in the ear, tinnitus, and mild vertigo are symptoms of

Back 156

cholesteatoma

Front 157

hereditary condition more common in women that results in fixation of the stapes

Back 157

otosclerosis

Front 158

tinnitus and slowly progressive low-to medium-pitch conducting hearing loss usually b/w late teens and 30 years of age

Back 158

otosclerosis

Front 159

affects the vestibular labyrinth and causes sensorineural hearing loss; symptoms include severe vertigo, tinnitus, and progressive hearing loss, initially of low tones

Back 159

Meniere Disease

Front 160

occurs as a complication of an acute URI; symptoms of severe vertigo associated with nystagmus that increases in severity with head movement

Back 160

labyrinthitis

Front 161

total sensorineural hearing loss occurs on the affected side

Back 161

labyrinthitis

Front 162

maxillary toothache, purulent nasal secretions, dull or opaque sinus transillumination, poor response to decongestants, and colored nasal discharge

Back 162

sinusitis

Front 163

sniffling, nasal congestion, recurrent nose bleeds, and sinus problems

Back 163

cocaine abuse

Front 164

tonsils studded with yellow follicles

Back 164

streptococcal infection

Front 165

enlarged anterior cervical lymph nodes, sore throat, referred pain to the ears, dysphagia, fever, fetid breath, and malaise

Back 165

tonsillitis

Front 166

tonsillar enlargement and exudates, tender and enlarged cervical nodes, pharyngeal erythema, and scarlatiniform rash

Back 166

GABHS (group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus) infection

Front 167

complication of tonsillitis; symptoms include dysphagia, drooling, severe sore throat with pain radiating to the ear, muffled voice, and fever; tonsil may appear pushed forward or backward, possible displacing of the uvula

Back 167

peritonsillar abscess

Front 168

in obstructive sleep apnea, what causes loud snoring?

Back 168

muscles in the nasopharynx, hypopharynx, and pharynx relax

Front 169

long-term problems of cleft lip and palate

Back 169

hearing loss, chronic otitis media, speech difficulties, feeding problems

Front 170

bilateral sensorineural hearing loss associated with aging

Back 170

presbycusis

Front 171

dry mouth caused by the ingestion of anticholinergic or antidepressant drugs

Back 171

xerostomia

Front 172

increase the surface area of the nose to warm, humidify, and filter inspired air

Back 172

turbinates

Front 173

may cause nasal stuffiness, decreased sense of smell, epistaxis, fullness in the ears, and impaired hearing during pregnancy

Back 173

increased estrogen which increases vascularity of the upper respiratory tract

Front 174

preauricular pits and lip pits often occur in

Back 174

blacks

Front 175

lateralization to better ear in Weber test indicates

Back 175

sensorineural hearing loss

Front 176

lateralization of deaf ear in Weber test indicates

Back 176

conductive hearing loss

Front 177

bone conduction heard longer than air conduction in affected ear indicates

Back 177

conductive hearing loss

Front 178

air conduction heard longer than bone conduction in affected ear, but less than 2:1 ratio indicates

Back 178

sensorineural hearing loss

Front 179

numbering of teeth begins in the

Back 179

right maxilla

Front 180

numbering of teeth ends in the

Back 180

right mandible

Front 181

gray or black teeth may indicate

Back 181

pulp decay or oral iron therapy

Front 182

itching in ear canal is the initial symptom of

Back 182

otitis externa

Front 183

intense pain with movement of pinna, chewing

Back 183

otitis externa

Front 184

watery discharge, then purulent and thick, mixed with pus and epithelial cells; musty, foul-smelling

Back 184

otitis externa

Front 185

conductive loss caused by exudate and swelling of ear canal

Back 185

otitis externa

Front 186

canal is red, edematous; TM obscured

Back 186

otitis externa