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130 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
structural genes
regulate A.A.'s
regulatory genes
expression of genes
natural selection
by nature
artificial selection
by humans
inbreeding depression
a decrease in fitness due to homozygosity
outbreeding depression
decrease in fitness (opposite of hybrid vigor)
isolating mechanism
how populations in gene pool become segregated (keep organisms from inbreeding)
speciation
process of species formation
adaptation
change in structure, physiology, behavior, or life history that allows species to adjust to their environment
convergent evolution
inadvertantly survive well in a particular artificial environment
domestication selection
inadvertantly surivive well in a particular artificial environment
systematic process
a genetic process that changes allelic frequencies in a population in some predictable non random way
founder affect
when a few individuals leave a large population to establish a new population and changes in allelic frequencies result from random genetic drift
macro-element
an inorganic element needed in large quantatities
micro-element
an inorganic element need in trace amounts
fat soluble vitamins
stored in large quantities
water soluble vitamins
must be consistantly available in the diet
nonessential amino acids
manufacture on own
essential amino acids
obtained in diet
anabolic
build up tissue
catabolic
breakdown tissue
ectotherms
cold blooded
endotherms
warm blooded
Bergmann's Rule
colder=bigger!
Allen's Rule
colder=smaller extremities!
torpor
lethary
estivation
slow down in summer
hyperphagy
eat lots o' food
reflex
autonomic response to a stimulus
taxis
oriented movement of an organism to/from a stimulus
habituation
learn not to respond to meaningless stimuli
instinct
innate stereotyped behavior that is characteristic of a specific species
habituation
learn not to respond to a meaningless stimuli
insight learning
higher learning, need to perceive relationships
precocial
giraffe
altricial
humans
diel (circadian) bahavior
24 hours
circannual
1 year
diadromus
b/w salt and fresh water
anadromous
mostly salt (spawn in fresh)
catadromous
mostly fresh (spawn in salt)
feeding habits
when/where/how an animal feeds
diurnal
day feeding
crepuscular
dawn/dusk feeding
benthic
bottom feeder
optimal foraging theory
doesn't expend more energy than necessary for food
r-selected
fish
k-selected
humans
age group
(all jan 1st bday) age group 0, 1, etc...
year class
2001 year class
young-of-the-year
those in the earliest portion of their lives
fry/fingerling
young
larval fishes
newly hatched
parr
salmonids (1st feeding to until parr marks are gone)
smolts
lose parr marks, in ocean (salmonids)
yearlings
2nd year of life
natal down
young feathers
juvenile plumage
young feathers
scale annuli
growth rings on scale
annulus
annual growth ring
false annuli/spawning checks
from environmental stress/spawning time
clelthra
part of pectoral fin support
brachiostegal rays
part of hyoid
cementum annuli
annual deposits of teeth in mammals
baculum
bone in penis
milk teeth
baby teeth
dentine lakes
areas where surface enamel is worn away
calamus
bare shaft of the feather below the feathering
retrices
large tail feathers (turkeys)
kype
hooked jaw acquired by salmonids (esp. at spawning)
sexual dimorphism
differences between sexes
sexual dichromatism
difference in color between sexes
extripate
eliminate from a portion or all of their native range
carrion
dead flesh
extensive fish management
outside
intensive fish management
inside
hacking
raising captive raptors and releasing
put grow and take
self explanatory
put and take
self explanatory
disease
any deviation
disease agents/pathogens
cause disease
epizootic
lg. scale
enzootic
sm. scale
introductory fish stocking
first
maintenance fish stocking
keeps in the same
supplemental fish stocking
e.x. for fishing
endangered species act
red book
critical habitat
geographic area and ecosystem essential for survival
recovery plan
plan for restoring threatened/endangered
CITES
regulation of importing/exporting those not endangered/threatened
indicator species
indicate whether or not environment is changing
cusorial
adapted to run
fall overturn
surface water cools and sinks (with 02 with it)
spring overturn
melting ice
biome
large geographic areas recognizable by vegetation
altitudinal biomes
biomes at high elevation
northern coniferous forest (boreal forest/taiga)
NA tundra
Montane forest
NA coniferous forest (altitudinal) further south
temperate forest
oaks, marples etc... (includes southeastern mixed forest and outer costal plain forest)
temperate grasslands
short grass prairies, tall grass, mixed grass
chaparral
trees/shrubs (cali)
pacific coast coniferous forest
productive (good timber)
temperate rainforest
(e.x. Olympia)
tropical seasonal rainforest
Florida
marshes
sedges, rushes, cattails (no trees)
bogs
floating spongy mats
swamps
wet, standing trees
coastal wetlands
transition between land and ocean
hydric plans and soils
indicative of wetland area
lentic
standing water
lotic
moving water
oligotrophic
deep water, low nutrient
entrophic
productive, shallow
littoral
peripheral shallow water area
limnetic
open water
photic
total lighted area
profundal
unlit area
epilmnion
upper level water stratification
matalimnion
middle
hypolimnion
coldest lowest level
riffle
moving water
pool
still water
erosional zone
outer curve (deeper)
depositional zone
inner curve (more shallow)
salt wedge
heavier can extend upstream
acidic deposition
from fossil fuels
ozone
protection from UV
6 water pollutants
oxygen demanding wastes, sediment, organic chemicals, inorganic chem/nutr, heat, endocrine disruptions
commons
owned by everyone (air, water, wildlife,etc..._
takings
right as private property ownersb