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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
structural genes
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regulate A.A.'s
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regulatory genes
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expression of genes
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natural selection
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by nature
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artificial selection
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by humans
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inbreeding depression
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a decrease in fitness due to homozygosity
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outbreeding depression
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decrease in fitness (opposite of hybrid vigor)
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isolating mechanism
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how populations in gene pool become segregated (keep organisms from inbreeding)
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speciation
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process of species formation
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adaptation
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change in structure, physiology, behavior, or life history that allows species to adjust to their environment
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convergent evolution
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inadvertantly survive well in a particular artificial environment
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domestication selection
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inadvertantly surivive well in a particular artificial environment
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systematic process
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a genetic process that changes allelic frequencies in a population in some predictable non random way
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founder affect
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when a few individuals leave a large population to establish a new population and changes in allelic frequencies result from random genetic drift
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macro-element
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an inorganic element needed in large quantatities
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micro-element
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an inorganic element need in trace amounts
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fat soluble vitamins
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stored in large quantities
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water soluble vitamins
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must be consistantly available in the diet
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nonessential amino acids
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manufacture on own
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essential amino acids
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obtained in diet
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anabolic
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build up tissue
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catabolic
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breakdown tissue
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ectotherms
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cold blooded
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endotherms
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warm blooded
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Bergmann's Rule
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colder=bigger!
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Allen's Rule
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colder=smaller extremities!
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torpor
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lethary
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estivation
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slow down in summer
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hyperphagy
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eat lots o' food
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reflex
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autonomic response to a stimulus
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taxis
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oriented movement of an organism to/from a stimulus
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habituation
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learn not to respond to meaningless stimuli
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instinct
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innate stereotyped behavior that is characteristic of a specific species
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habituation
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learn not to respond to a meaningless stimuli
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insight learning
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higher learning, need to perceive relationships
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precocial
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giraffe
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altricial
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humans
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diel (circadian) bahavior
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24 hours
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circannual
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1 year
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diadromus
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b/w salt and fresh water
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anadromous
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mostly salt (spawn in fresh)
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catadromous
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mostly fresh (spawn in salt)
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feeding habits
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when/where/how an animal feeds
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diurnal
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day feeding
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crepuscular
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dawn/dusk feeding
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benthic
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bottom feeder
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optimal foraging theory
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doesn't expend more energy than necessary for food
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r-selected
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fish
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k-selected
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humans
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age group
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(all jan 1st bday) age group 0, 1, etc...
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year class
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2001 year class
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young-of-the-year
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those in the earliest portion of their lives
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fry/fingerling
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young
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larval fishes
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newly hatched
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parr
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salmonids (1st feeding to until parr marks are gone)
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smolts
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lose parr marks, in ocean (salmonids)
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yearlings
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2nd year of life
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natal down
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young feathers
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juvenile plumage
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young feathers
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scale annuli
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growth rings on scale
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annulus
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annual growth ring
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false annuli/spawning checks
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from environmental stress/spawning time
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clelthra
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part of pectoral fin support
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brachiostegal rays
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part of hyoid
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cementum annuli
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annual deposits of teeth in mammals
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baculum
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bone in penis
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milk teeth
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baby teeth
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dentine lakes
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areas where surface enamel is worn away
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calamus
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bare shaft of the feather below the feathering
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retrices
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large tail feathers (turkeys)
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kype
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hooked jaw acquired by salmonids (esp. at spawning)
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sexual dimorphism
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differences between sexes
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sexual dichromatism
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difference in color between sexes
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extripate
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eliminate from a portion or all of their native range
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carrion
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dead flesh
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extensive fish management
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outside
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intensive fish management
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inside
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hacking
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raising captive raptors and releasing
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put grow and take
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self explanatory
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put and take
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self explanatory
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disease
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any deviation
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disease agents/pathogens
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cause disease
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epizootic
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lg. scale
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enzootic
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sm. scale
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introductory fish stocking
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first
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maintenance fish stocking
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keeps in the same
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supplemental fish stocking
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e.x. for fishing
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endangered species act
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red book
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critical habitat
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geographic area and ecosystem essential for survival
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recovery plan
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plan for restoring threatened/endangered
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CITES
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regulation of importing/exporting those not endangered/threatened
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indicator species
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indicate whether or not environment is changing
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cusorial
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adapted to run
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fall overturn
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surface water cools and sinks (with 02 with it)
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spring overturn
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melting ice
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biome
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large geographic areas recognizable by vegetation
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altitudinal biomes
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biomes at high elevation
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northern coniferous forest (boreal forest/taiga)
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NA tundra
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Montane forest
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NA coniferous forest (altitudinal) further south
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temperate forest
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oaks, marples etc... (includes southeastern mixed forest and outer costal plain forest)
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temperate grasslands
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short grass prairies, tall grass, mixed grass
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chaparral
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trees/shrubs (cali)
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pacific coast coniferous forest
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productive (good timber)
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temperate rainforest
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(e.x. Olympia)
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tropical seasonal rainforest
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Florida
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marshes
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sedges, rushes, cattails (no trees)
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bogs
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floating spongy mats
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swamps
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wet, standing trees
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coastal wetlands
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transition between land and ocean
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hydric plans and soils
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indicative of wetland area
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lentic
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standing water
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lotic
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moving water
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oligotrophic
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deep water, low nutrient
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entrophic
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productive, shallow
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littoral
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peripheral shallow water area
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limnetic
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open water
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photic
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total lighted area
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profundal
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unlit area
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epilmnion
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upper level water stratification
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matalimnion
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middle
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hypolimnion
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coldest lowest level
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riffle
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moving water
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pool
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still water
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erosional zone
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outer curve (deeper)
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depositional zone
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inner curve (more shallow)
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salt wedge
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heavier can extend upstream
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acidic deposition
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from fossil fuels
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ozone
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protection from UV
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6 water pollutants
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oxygen demanding wastes, sediment, organic chemicals, inorganic chem/nutr, heat, endocrine disruptions
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commons
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owned by everyone (air, water, wildlife,etc..._
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takings
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right as private property ownersb
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