Enlisted Information Warfare Specialist Common Core

Front 1

Define Host/Client-host

Back 1

Main computer connected to other computers.

Front 2

Define Application Server

Back 2

In a client server network it runs specific

applications

Front 3

Define Hub

Back 3

Common connection point in a network. Data comes in 1 port, goes out all ports.

Front 4

Define Switch

Back 4

Smarter Hub. Data is sent to specific hardware

addresses

Front 5

Define Router

Back 5

Joins multiple networks together. Wired or wireless

Front 6

Define Wireless Access Protocol

Back 6

WAP. Standard for application layer network

communications. ie. mobile web on mobile phone

Front 7

Define Proxy Server

Back 7

Controls client access to the internet

Front 8

Define Firewall

Back 8

Permits or denies access of computer applications

Front 9

Define Virtual Private Network

Back 9

VPN. Allows confidential communication over

public networks

Front 10

Define VPN Concentrator

Back 10

Creates remote access VPN's with high availability, performance, and scalability

Front 11

Define Back-up

Back 11

Making copies of data used to restore after a data loss event

Front 12

Define Repeater

Back 12

A way to preserve signal integrity and extend a

signals distance. A way to beat signal degradation

Front 13

Define Topology in reference to networks

Back 13

The physical interconnections of a computer

network.

Front 14

State the 4 types of Network Topologies

Back 14

1) Bus

2) Star

3) Ring

4) Mesh

Front 15

Describe a Bus Topology

Back 15

Devices are connected using a single shared

media. If 1 device goes down, the other devices behind it are also offline. 1 single point of failure.

Front 16

Describe a Star Topology

Back 16

Devices are connected to a central hub. If the hub goes down so does the network. 1 single point of failure.

Front 17

Describe a Ring Topology

Back 17

Each node is connected to exactly two other nodes forming a ring.

Front 18

Describe a Mesh Topology

Back 18

All devices are connected directly to each other.

Front 19

Define a Local Area Network

Back 19

LAN. Covers a small physical area. ie. home, office

Front 20

Define a Wide Area Network

Back 20

WAN. Covers a broad area. ie. a network that crosses metropolitan or national borders.

Front 21

Define a Metropolitan Area Network

Back 21

Large network that usually spans a city or large campus

Front 22

Define a Global Area Network

Back 22

GAN. Interconnected networks that cover an

unlimited geographical area. ie. JWICS, NIPR

Front 23

List the layer of the OSI Model

Back 23

Layer 1) Physical

Layer 2) Data Link

Layer 3) Network

Layer 4) Transport

Layer 5) Session

Layer 6) Presentation

Layer 7) Application

Front 24

Define the Physical Layer of the OSI Model

Back 24

The electrical and physical layout of devices. How information gets from one place to another. Cables and Hubs work at this level.

Front 25

Define the Data Link Layer of the OSI Model

Back 25

Provides the means to transfer data between

networks. Switches operate at this level.

Front 26

Define the Network Layer of the OSI Model

Back 26

Provides the means of transferring variable amounts of data using one or more networks. Routers operate at this level.

Front 27

Define the Transport Layer of the OSI Model

Back 27

Provides transparent transfer of data between end users. TCP/UDP Protocols operate at this level.

Front 28

Define the Session Layer of the OSI Model

Back 28

Controls the connections between computers.

Front 29

Define the Presentation Layer of the OSI Model

Back 29

Transforms data to provide a Graphical User

Interface.

Front 30

Define the Application Layer of the OSI Model

Back 30

Interfaces directly with the application process

itself.

Front 31

List the 4 layers of the TCP/IP Model

Back 31

Layer 1) Network

Layer 2) Internet

Layer 3) Transport

Layer 4) Application

Front 32

State the difference between IPv4 and IPv6

Back 32

IPv4 uses 32-bit addressing

IPv6 uses 128-bit addressing

Front 33

Define Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router

Network

Back 33

NIPRNet. Used to exchange unclassified

information. Allows users access to the Internet. DoD owned, created by DISA

Front 34

Define Secure Internet Protocol Router Network

Back 34

SIPRNet. Used to exchange classified information up to and including SECRET via TCP/IP protocol suite.

Front 35

Define Joint Worldwide Intelligence

Communications System

Back 35

JWICS. Used to exchange classified information up to and including TOP SECRET and SCI via TCP/IP packet switching.

Front 36

Describe what a Virus is

Back 36

Software program, script, or macro designed to

infect, destroy, modify, or cause other problems with your computer or software programs.

Front 37

Describe what a Worm is

Back 37

Self-replicating virus that doesn't alter files but

resides in active memory and duplicates itself.

Front 38

Describe what a Trojan is

Back 38

Program that appears legitimate, but performs illicit activity when it is run.

Front 39

Describe what a Backdoor is

Back 39

Remote administration utility that, once installed, allows a user access and control over a network or the Internet.

Front 40

Describe what Phising is

Back 40

Criminally fraudulent process of attempting to

acquire sensitive information by pretending to be a trustworthy entity in electronic communications.

Front 41

Define Network Enumeration

Back 41

Computing activity in which information of

networked computers is retrieved.

Front 42

Define Buffer Overflow

Back 42

A process stores data in a buffer outside the

designated memory space and it overwrites

adjacent memory locations

Front 43

Define SQL Injection

Back 43

Malicious code is inserted into strings that are later passed to an instance of SQL Server for execution

Front 44

Define Dictionary Attack

Back 44

A method that systematically enters every word in a dictionary as the password

Front 45

Define Privilege Escalation

Back 45

Exploiting a bug or design flaw in a software

application.

Front 46

Define Brute Force Attack

Back 46

A technique that uses all possibilities of encryption or authentication. Usually takes half as long as there are possibilities.

Front 47

Define Social Engineering

Back 47

Tricking a user into giving up the information.

Fancy lying

Front 48

Define Public Key Infrastructure

Back 48

PKI. An arrangement that binds public keys to a Certificate Authority.

Front 49

State the purpose of a Domain Name System

Back 49

Translates domain names into IP addresses and vice versa. The Internet's phonebook