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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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philosophes
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thinkers using logic and reason in all aspects of life
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salon
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social gatherings of poets, musicians, thinkers (usually run by hostesses)
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scientific advancements
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discovery of oxygen; discovery of electricity; scientific explorations to advance topography, astronomy, artistry, botany
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baroque
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music that was ornate, odd, complex, dramatic; an art form
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Locke
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-"Two Treatises of Government"
-people are naturally good -people have right to overthrow government -encouraged laborious workers (industry) -freedom of press |
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Hobbes
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-"Leviathan"
-people are cruel, greedy, brutish, short temperament -people need strict control -liked monarchy - absolute ruler -opposed religion but God existed |
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Voltaire
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-"Candide"
-fought inequality/injustice (favored Locke) - didn't like French monarchy (liked England) -wanted to separate human rights from religion |
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Diderot
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-freedom of choice/religion
-created first encyclopedia - combined all current thoughts into one (28 volumes) |
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Adam Smith
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-"The Wealth of Nations" - England should be deregulated
-Laissez Faire = "let/leave alone" -law of self-interest → law of competition → laws of supply and demand -division of labor (and differential pay) |
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Montesquieu
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-"The Spirit of Laws"
-admired British government (limited monarchy) -best government is separation of powers, checks & balances = executive, judicial, legislative → France doesn't agree |
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Rousseau
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-"Social Contract"
-some control is necessary, but should be limited → French monarchy doesn't agree -people should be governed by elected officials (not hereditary system) -art/science advancement; socialization → societal corruption |
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Robert Walpole
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-first prime minister to England
-headed cabinet, which became the center of power/policymaking |
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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-wanted to perfect mankind
-helped women achieve better life -education was key to a woman's success |
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classical music
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-classical period came after baroque period
-showed unity, clarity, balance (not ornate) -lead to symphony, concerto, sonata |
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cabinet
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-a link between the king and majority in Parliament (as part of majority party i.e. the Whigs)
-first established under King George I (was German) -became center of power and policymaking |
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constitutional monarchy
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-monarchy limited by the constitution (i.e. law)
-e.g. in England |
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British Parliament
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-British form of government
-two bodies: (1) House of Lords (heredity) → more powerful; (2) House of Commons (elected, only wealthy) -included prime minister |
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British tyranny over colonies
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-Navigation Acts - could only trade with Britain
-high taxes -Stamp Act - tax on stamps -Glass Tax -Tea Tax → Boston Tea Party -Paper Tax |
