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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
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A preference or an inclination, especially one that inhibits impartial judgment; an unfair act or policy stemming from prejudice. |
Bias |
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Behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, language, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. |
Culture |
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A characteristic that distinguishes one person from another or from an assumed norm, or the state of being distinguished by such characteristics. Social justice issues such as racism, classism, sexism, and heterosexism usually center on the negative perception of difference by the dominant group. Viewed positively, difference can be a catalyst for equity, recognition of interdependence, and a source of personal power. |
Difference |
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Treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit; partiality or prejudice. |
Discrimination |
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The quality of being diverse; a respect in which things differ; variety. |
Diversity |
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The state or quality of treating everyone in an equal manner. |
Equality |
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A perception of being alike, a sense of peoplehood by virtue of sharing a common ancestry (real or fictitious), values, and behavior. |
Ethnicity |
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The concept that identity is not rigid but can and does change. This idea is often used in terms of gender, sexuality, and race, as well as other factors of identity. This concept is fundamentally contrary to binary systems. A person who feels their identity is fluid often believes that rigid categories are oppressive and incapable of accurately describing their experience and identities. |
Fluid Identity |
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Arbitrary and cruel use of power; using severe or unjust force or authority. An unjust situation where, systematically and over a long period of time, one group denies another group access to the resources of society. Race, gender, class, sexuality, nation, age, and ethnicity constitute major forms of oppression. [Also disability status, religion] |
Oppression |
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Historically, passing has been defined in terms of racial passing. It refers to a deception that allows a person to take advantage of certain roles or opportunities from which he or she might be barred in the absence of this posed identity. The most common racial passer, of course, was the African American who lacked those characteristics typical of his race. These mixed race people had physical appearances that allowed them to be perceived and treated as if they where white. But passing is not limited to African Americans assuming white roles in society; it is not even limited to a racial basis. People pass in a variety of ways and for a variety of reasons—from Blacks who pass for white, to Jews who pass as Gentiles, to gays who pass for straight, for women who pass for men—and the opposite of all of these. Reverse passing, though less prevalent, also exists in multiple forms. |
Passing |
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The ability or official capacity to exercise control, authority, and to define key values and concepts that define the “center”—what is accepted and considered “normal.” |
Power |
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An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts. |
Prejudice |
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An unearned advantage, immunity, permission, right, or benefit granted to or enjoyed by an individual because they are members of a category of people that is accorded higher societal status. |
Privilege |
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Discrimination or prejudice based on race; the belief that race accounts for differences on human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others. |
Racism |
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Benefiting from being a member of the dominant culture, from lack of continuous surveillance, from the status accorded “whiteness” in the larger society. |
White Privilege |
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a doubtfulness or uncertainty about the intention or meaning of something. It usually refers to a statement that is subject to more than one interpretation. The term is used for words that suggest two or more appropriate meanings or that convey both a basic meaning and complex overtones of that meaning. Sometimes, authors make deliberate choices of words that simultaneously cause several different streams of thought in the reader’s mind. Ambiguity is also used to mean confusion between the denotation and connotation of a literary work. A simple kind of ambiguity is the use of homophones to promote a multiplicity of possible meanings. In Sonnet 135, Shakespeare puns on the word “Will,” invoking its sense as one’s wish, as well as its sense as a nickname for “William”: “whoever hath her wish, thou hast thy Will” (line 1). |
Ambiguity |
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the character that strives against another main character. This character opposes the hero or protagonist in drama. The term is also used to describe one who contends with or opposes another in a fight, conflict, or battle of wills. In literature, this is the principal opponent or foil of the main character and is considered the villain unless the protagonist is a villain; in that case, the antagonist is the hero. |
Antagonist |
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a combination of traits and features that form the nature of some person or animal. It also refers to moral qualities and ethical standards and principles. In literature, character refers to a person represented in a story, novel, or play. |
Character |
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the creation of the image of imaginary persons in drama, narrative poetry, the novel, and the short story. Characterization generates plot and is revealed by actions, speech, thoughts, physical appearance, and the other characters’ thoughts or words about him. |
Characterization |
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is a conversation, or a literary work in the form of a conversation, that is often used to reveal characters and to advance a character in a play, essay, story, or novel. |
Dialogue |
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a letter, especially a formal or didactic one; written communication. Also (usually initial capital letter ) one of the apostolic letters in the new testament or (often initial capital letter ) an extract, usually from one of the Epistles Testament, forming part of the Eucharistic service in certain churches. |
Epistle |
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a dryly humorous or lightly sarcastic figure of speech in which the literal meaning of a word or statement is the opposite of that intended. In literature, it is the technique of indicating an intention or attitude opposed to what is actually stated. Often, only the context of the statement leads the reader to understand it is ironic. Irony makes use of hyperbole, sarcasm, satire, and understatement. There are four types of irony: 1. verbal irony as defined by Cicero (see below) 2. situational irony, such as when a pickpocket gets his own pockets picked 3. dramatic irony, such as when Oedipus unwittingly kills his own father |
Irony |
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pertaining to a letter of the alphabet. More typically, it means, “based on what is actually written or expressed.” A literal interpretation gives an exact rendering—word for word— taking words in their usual or primary sense. It is also used to describe thinking which is unimaginative or matter of fact. |
Literal |
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writings in which expression and form, in connection with ideas and concerns of universal and apparently permanent interest, are essential features. While applied to any kind of printed material, such as circulars, leaflets, and handbills, there are some who feel it is more correctly reserved for prose and verse of acknowledged excellence, such as George Eliot’s works. The term connotes superior qualities. |
Literature |
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the restatement of a passage giving the meaning in another form. This usually involves expanding the original text so as to |
Paraphrase |
