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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stuarts
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the family who came to the throne following the Tudors; James I, Charles I, and after the Puritan interregnum, Charles II
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James I
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(ruled 1603-1625) alienated English subjects by favoring members of the Anglican church over other Protestant denominations. insisted on the Divine Right of Kings
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Anne
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ruled from 1702-1714, left on heirs. At that point, the Stuart dynasty died out and the throne passed to the Hanover family, their German cousins.
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carpe diem
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seize the day; the poet invites someone to enjoy life now in her youth and to seize pleasures while she can. Ex.“To the Virgins to Make Much of Time”; use your youth to find love and marriage while you are still beautiful
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metaphysical
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beyond the physical – a form of poetry that demands the reader to look beyond the surface to see what the poem is saying; traits of this poetry include an 1. argumentative style, 2. imagery and figures of speech from everyday life, 3. a conversational and 4. rough style, and 5. the metaphysical conceit which is an extended comparison. Ex.“A Valediction Forbidding Mourning,” in which Donne compares his relationship with his wife to a mathematical compass
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John Donne
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considered to be the Father of Metaphysical poetry. Herbert, Carew, etc. imitated the form.“Batter My Heart, Three Person’d God,” “Meditation XVII,” “Song,” and “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”
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art epic
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employs the traits of an epic but the author is known; some of the characteristics beyond what you learned with the folk epic in unit one include an invocation to the muse and a formal stated purpose. Ex. Paradise Lost
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satire
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to hold up a person, institution, or literary work for ridicule usually written tongue in cheek Ex. Gulliver’s Travels
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social satire
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the Neoclassicist, Pope and Swift, engaged in social satire that is frequently in written tongue in cheek and exaggerates a situation, that hopefully whoever or whatever is being satirized will want to make corrections after reading the satire
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tories
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the political conservatives; frequently farmers and clergymen
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whigs
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the opposing party, the political liberals; usually favored progressive business interests
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neoclassical prose
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early newspapers, literary criticism, journals, newspapers, dictionary, biography, etc.; although a novel is also prose and can even be based on a true story. Ex. Robinson Crusoe
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novel
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a long fictional piece having the characteristics of a short story but being extended into various episodes of a much lengthier plot
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Italian sonnet
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14 lines of iambic pentameter, rhyme scheme abba cddc on the first 8 lines or octave, the last 6 (sestet) rhyme in various ways; usually a problem is presented or a question posed in first 8 with the answer or response in the last six
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“To the Virgins to Make Much of Time” (theme)
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Use your youth to find love and marriage while you are beautiful for that time is short.
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“To the Virgins to Make Much of Time” (Author)
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Robert Herrick
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Robert Herrick
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“To the Virgins to Make Much of Time”
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“To Lucasta, Going to the Wars” (theme)
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If I did not leave you to go to war, I would be dishonorable, that honor makes me a faithful suitor, war is a new mistress; he fiancé can count on his as a fiancé because he has a values system.
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“To Lucasta, Going to the Wars” (Author)
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Richard Lovelace
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Richard Lovelace
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“To Lucasta, Going to the Wars” and “To Althea from Prision”
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“To Althea, from Prison”(theme)
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Bars don’t make a prison, one can still be free in the soul.
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“To Althea, from Prison”(Author)
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Richard Lovelace
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“Batter My Heart, Three Person’d God”(theme)
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Break down my resistance and capture me, God, so that I can completely serve you and do your will.
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“Batter My Heart, Three Person’d God”(Author)
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John Donne; from Donne’s Holy Sonnets
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“Meditation XVII” (theme)
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In Christ we are all related, what happens to one happens to all.
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“Meditation XVII” (Author)
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John Donne
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“A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”
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The speaker compares his and his wife’s souls to the two points of a compass which are forever joined even though forced apart, he and his wife love each other so much, distance can’t part them; the conceit is math compass, she is the fixed foot and he the wondering one.
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“A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” (Author)
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John Donne
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“Song”
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He proclaims the impossibility of finding a woman both faithful and beautiful.
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“Song” (Author)
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John Donne
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“The Collar” (Author and Theme)
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When Herbert would give up the ministry and not fear God’s discipline, God’s love draws him back.
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George Herbert
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The Collar
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“On His Having Arrived at the Age of Twenty-Three” (theme)
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He feels he should have accomplished more at 23, but decides God’s time table is best.
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“On His Having Arrived at the Age of Twenty-Three” (Author)
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John Milton
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“When I Consider”
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At first he feels angry about his blindness because he wants to serve God as a writer, but he decides to trust God’s plan to show patience and faith in adversity as a means of serving God.
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“When I Consider”(Author)
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John Milton
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John Milton
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When I Consider and “On His Having Arrived at the Age of Twenty-Three” and Paradise Lost
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“On Paradise Lost” (theme)
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praises Milton’s poem.
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“On paradise lost” Author
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Andrew Marvell
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Andrew Marvell
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“On paradise lost”
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“A Song for St. Cecilia’s Day” theme
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St. Cecelia is the patron saint of music; song praising music in honor of her day.
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“A Song for St. Cecilia’s Day”Author
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Dryden
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Dryden
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“A Song for St. Cecilia’s Day”
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“Essay on Man” (theme and author)
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Pope says we can’t know things other than what we see and can experience.
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Pope
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Essay on Man
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1. A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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A good book preserves the thoughts of a greater mind. To kill that book is equivalent to killing the mind itself, and future generations may be deprives of an important idea.
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2. A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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Good and evil are inseparable. You cannot be truly good unless you have had a choice and rejected evil.
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3.A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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Bad ideas can be spread without the aid of books.
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4.A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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If books spread vice, censors should be the first who are corrupted.
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5. A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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A fool will find folly in the best book; a wise man wisdom in the worst.
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6.A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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To banish stimulus to evil, one must do more than banish books; books, music, windows, conversation between the sexes, or, in short, life itself must be banished.
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7. A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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God, in making man in His own image, gave man reason and free will. Let him exercise them.
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8.A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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England is admired throughout the whole world for encouraging free discussion and truth. Truth is made of many different parts, but each is essential to a sound structure.
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9. A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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Division is a sign of strength; a nation in peril needs free discussion more than one that is not, so that it might fine correction.
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10. A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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You, Parliament, taught us the love of truth. Don’t stop where you started.
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11. A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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Truth is strong; if allowed, she will triumph.
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12.A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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Truth may have more than one shape or be different for different people.
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13. A Summary of Arguments from Milton’s Aereopagitica
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Having pointed out Parliament’s error, Milton is confident Parliament will correct it.
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How Milton used the angelic conflict in justifying the ways of God to Man in Paradise Lost?
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The angelic conflict shows how God remains in control of the situation at all times. Also, it reveals that he doesn punish Satan and Eve and Adam because he is furious God, but because he believes in justice. This belief is partially why Satan is allows to tempt Adam and Eve and choose to rebel against God. Also, it reveals “the sons” (Jesus's) willingness to die on the cross before the first sin has occurred, again showing how God is in control.
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The temptation of Eve and the difference in Adams sin, the effects of their sins
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Satan lies and tempts Eve by telling her she won’t die, yet she dies spiritually, not physically later. The difference in Adams sin is that he commits it knowing the consequence in order to not lose Eve. The effects include a different relationship between the two, shame in facing God naked, and expulsion from the garden.
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the hope they had on being expelled from the garden.
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The hope is in the Savior to come. For instance, recall the reason for Satan's revolt, he wanted to take God's place in the universe and for that he and the revolting angels fell. They knew they could not defeat God but they decided to cause as much trouble as possible for His creation, man.
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The Early Novel
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The term novel comes from novella, a short risqué Italian tale such as tales from The Decameron. It is an extended work of prose fiction.
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Plot
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lengthier than short story but can be standard; intro, conflict, rising action, climax, conclusion or can break down into episodic or stream of consciousness
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Characterization
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can be direct exposition, telling the reader what the character is indirect from the character’s thoughts, if given, reactions of other characters or his reactions to them, his words and actions, draw the reader to a conclusion; frequently there is a protagonist and antagonist (nature or mind)
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Settings –
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time, place, atmosphere
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Theme
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the central idea which gives the work its meaning, which is the author’s perception of some truth about human existence
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Point of View
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can be written from any of the following vantage points; 1st person, 3rd person limited omniscience, omniscient
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Tone
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author’s attitude toward material; satire as in Gulliver’s Travels, serious
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Mood
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the way the material makes the reader feel, the emotions it evokes in him
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Style
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manner in which author writes; direct, simple, metaphorical
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Early Novels Examples
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Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, 1719, first great novel of adventure
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What does Boswell’s biography of Johnson include? What were Boswell’s editorial decisions in writing the biography?
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It gives details on Johnson’s childhood focusing on the aspect of how bright he was, on his appearance (slovenly) and on the writing of his masterpiece, the dictionary. Boswell’s editorial decisions for the biography include stand back and put Johnson in center stage, don’t edit details, be truthful, show the wit and vivacity of Johnsons mind by reporting conversations.
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The characteristics of early prose works including the dictionary, biography, and journal.
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Dictionary, etymology, pronunciation, definition, examples of use; an addition of English grammar in Volume II. Boswell’s biography, The Spectator Club journal, each character represents an interest of the readers.
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Amazing Grace
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is a Christian hymn written by English poet John Newton. Newton wrote the words from personal experience. Taught by God’s grace to fear death at sea, he repented of his sins and fled to God for relief. Newton gave up his wicked life at sea and became a preacher. John Newton’s hymn speaks of the grace and wondrous love of Jesus Christ. With a message that forgiveness and redemption are possible regardless of the sins people commit and that the soul can be delivered from despair through the mercy of God.
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“A christian's happiness”
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John Wesley 1. A Christian is happy because he had been created and is not a man of random Chance. 2. He is also happy because of God's qualities (power, holiness, etc.) 3. He is happy because if God cares for the lilies, then surely he will take care of me 4. He is happy because when he sees the world, he sees God working for the good of all things. 5.He is happy because God loves him and he shall live with Him forever in eternity.
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The spectator Club: Function and members
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The journal was a popular form of prose in the Neoclassical period. At this time, Addison created a newspaper called The Spectator Club. The members each would provide four types of columns. Sir Rogers De Coverly, the foremost member, could write about agriculture, hunting, and law; Andrew Freeport, shipping; Captain Sentry, the navy; Will Honeycomb, gossip and fashion. Second member. (unnamed) Wrote about drama and critiqued actors and plays. The clergyman, unnamed, edified the others. Commented on philosophy and religion.
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Defoe
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Crusoe
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Swift
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Guliver
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