English Literature Terms Sat2

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narrative elements

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Nartative elements = movement of the story.
exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, denoument

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exposition

Back 2

introduction

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expository elements

Back 3

introducing elements

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denoument

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conclusion

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Rising action

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complication introduced/arises.
Man Vs man, Man vs nature, Man vs Self, Man v technology, man vs God.

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Literary elements

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things being moved in the story.
how plot is manipulated (theme, charchterization, tone, mood, setting,ect)

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Plot

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action of the story, sequence of events creating a cause/ effect pattern

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characterization

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people/ personality development over story

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Flat charchter

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static= doesnt change

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round charachter

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dynamic= grows/ changes in the story

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protagonist

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main ch

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antagonist

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opposer of the protagonist

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tragic hero

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hero of a tragety, suffers a downfall due to a tragic personality flaw

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foil charachter

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charchter whos function is to emphasize personality/ personality traits of another charchter

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setting

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time and place

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theme

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idea/observation set a forth by a universal truth (moral, ethic, ect)

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tone

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attitude of narrator. determined by syntax and diction

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mood

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emotional apmosphere

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literary devices

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color uniqueness dynamism

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literary elements

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basic makeup of the work

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imagery

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description

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metaphor

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image of comparison

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indirect metaphor

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indirectly comparing somethign to another thing

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simile

Back 24

comparison using like or as

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personification

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making inanimtate objects/things (greed) sound human.
animals dont count (personifying a 'horn' to 'howl' doesnt count. howl is an animal personification, not a human)

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apostrophe

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speakers direct adress to a nonhuman entity or absent human

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hyperbole

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exaggeration

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metonymy

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larger whole being represented by one of its parts. (tin star representing the law)
metonymy's are usually abstract.

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synecdouche

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part represents a specific, tangible, whole (the hands flew in the air)

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allusion

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reference to somethign outside written work. General litreature, classical literature, or Bible. Can all be references.

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symbolism

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one thing in a lit work standing for another.
[such as a person dies inside while their garden dies outside, symbolism for the death.]

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irony

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unexpected but fitting twist

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verbal irony

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oh you look good (person looks terrible)`

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dramatic irony.

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audience knows something is about to happen, when someone doesnt know.

such as an aside when the charchter says 'oh yes, and you will pay dearly' or somethign like that.

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aside

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remark or passage by a character in a play that is intended to be heard by the audience but unheard by the other characters in the play.

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situational irony

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irony in the necklase. (situational irony is usually the most common- its an irony of a situation)

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paradox

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seeming contraidition with a greater truth

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rhetorical devices

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manipulate language on the page

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diction

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word choice

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syntax

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phrasing

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balance

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indicates harmony, unity and compleetion of a piece

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repitition

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emphasis

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paralellism

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two or more items share a similar construction/treatment in a literary work.

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grammatic paralell

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all activities listed in the same way

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thematic paralell

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similar situations/ or ideas (EX: 2 people are experiencing similar circumstances in different contexts, wife doesnt want to tell husband she lost suit while their daughter doesnt want to tell brother she lost his bat)

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antithesis

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paring of opposites to make a point (man is born but to die)

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rhetorical Q

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question used as emphasis

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rhyme

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2 or more words sound the same except for their inital letters

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rhythm

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cadence that a phrase/series of phrases developes.

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alittertation

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repitition of sound at the beginning of a word (meandeering mazy motion)

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assonance

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repitition of vowles w/in a word

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consonance

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repitition of consonant sounds

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onomatopoeiaa

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bounce, bang, boing type sounds

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rhyme scheme

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patters of a poems rhyme

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meter

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set rhythm of a poem

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iambic pentameter

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two syllables with accent on second syllable, five iambs to a line.

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couplet

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2 consecutive rhyming lines in a poem

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sonnet

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14 line iambic pentameter with specific rhyme scheme

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blank verse

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unrhymed iambic pentameter

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sprung rhythm

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variety of set meters and a complex rhyme scheme.

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free verse

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no regular rhyme scheme

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ode

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praises somethign still in existance

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elegy

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honors someone dead

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ballad

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narrative poem (usually tragic)
stanzas are usually 4 lines long

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concerete poetry

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making pictures out of words

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prose terms

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novel/short story terms

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Point of view POV

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perspective of narrator

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first person major

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main charachter

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first person minor

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a charchter who is not the main charachter tells the story.

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thrid person observer

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narrator is not a charchter in the story and does not know the thoughts or feelings of the stories charathers

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thrid person limited omniscient

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narrator who is not a character in the story knows only of one persons thoughts and feelings.

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third person omniscent

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knows all

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narrative distance

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refers to narrators proximity in relation to characters

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physicall close narrative distance

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first person narrators

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physicall distant narrative distance

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thrid person omniscient

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psychologically close narrative distance

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sympathetic with charaters

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psychologically distant narrative distance

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cold

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narrative

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tells a story (epics/ballads in poetry)

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discursive

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expounds on a topic (an 'idea' poem)

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imagistic

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pure image. haiku

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lyric

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meter and rhyme giving a song like quality

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rhyming verse

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oldest type, set rhythm and meter, as well as end line rhymes.

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anastrophe

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inverson of a sentence to better fit rhyme scheme/and metrical rhythm

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analyzing tips

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locate where sentences begin and end,

keep going until punctuation.

break poem into discreet units of meaning.

upon encountering nonfiction passages determine what is the unifying idea.

underline helpful phrases/make notes

identify nonfictional passages mode/purpose (persuasive, expository,descriptive, narrative)

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persuasive

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writer wants to change the readers mind or convince the audience to take action.

Logos: writer speaks to logical miind
Pathos: writer speaks to emotional appeal
Ethos: writer appeals to ethics.

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expository

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simply gives the audience information [explain a process/ previously unknown facts about a topic]

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descriptive

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usually joined to other modes in nonfiction. merely describes a scene

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narrative (nonfiction)

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biographies/histories.
resembles fictional prose in that it tells a story. plot, charaterization and dialogue may all be present in this type of nonfiction, except that the tales are supposed to be based on fact.

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aphorism

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pithy statement. 'if it isnt broken dont fix it'

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chauvinistic

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excessive patriotism/predijuced

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Fictinonal passages

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almost always occur in narritive mode.
once you have determined excerpts point of view, discover tone of the piece and its plot line.

take note of how the passage balances between narrative description and dialogue.

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tone

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the narrators attitude toward his subjects

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Plays on the exam

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read editorial introduction carefully