English Law Vocabulary

Front 1

Fragile institutions

Back 1

delicate institutions

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Pivotal

Back 2

central, crucial, vital, critical, focal, essential, key, significant, important, determining, decisive, deciding

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Escalating

Back 3

increasing

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Unparalleled legitimacy

Back 4

unique, supreme, no equal legitimacy/validity

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Impartial

Back 5

neutral

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Substitute

Back 6

alternative

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Demobilizing

Back 7

ceasing military operations

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Deploy

Back 8

move troops into position for military action

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Haven

Back 9

sanctuary, safe harbor, refuge

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Multilateral

Back 10

agreed upon or participated in by three or more parties, especially the governments of different countries

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Logistics

Back 11

the activity of organizing the movement, equipment, and accommodation of troops

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Undertaken

Back 12

commit oneself to and begin (an enterprise or responsibility); take on

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Mandate

Back 13

an official order or commission to do something

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contingent

Back 14

a group of people sharing a common feature, forming part of a larger group

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fester

Back 15

become worse or more intense, especially through long-term neglect or indifference

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Equitably

Back 16

ertaining to or valid in equity

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Accountability

Back 17

the fact or condition of being accountable; responsibility

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Judicial system

Back 18

court system

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admirable

Back 19

deserving respect and approval

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convey

Back 20

transfer the title to (property)

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Perpetrator

Back 21

someone who has committed a crime

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Conviction

Back 22

A conviction happens when an individual is found guilty of carrying out the offence that they were charged with. In criminal proceedings this can also include an acquittal on the grounds of insanity.

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legislature

Back 23

the legislative body of a country or state

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Beneficial

Back 24

resulting in good; favourable or advantageous

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pharmaceutical

Back 25

relating to medicinal drugs, or their preparation, use, or sale

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Signed into law

Back 26

to sign legislation as a mark of official approval

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indicted

Back 27

formally accuse of or charge with a crime

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Repeat offenders

Back 28

someone who has committed crimes more than once or several times

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Serial

Back 29

repeatedly committing the same offence and typically following a characteristic, predictable behaviour pattern

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Infrastructure

Back 30

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise

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Felony

Back 31

a crime regarded in the US and many other judicial systems as more serious than a misdemeanour

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Petition

Back 32

present a petition to (an authority) in respect of a particular cause; appeal; plea

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Passed legislation

Back 33

to approve a bill with voting

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Prolific

Back 34

productive

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Disregard

Back 35

pay no attention to; ignore

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Amid

Back 36

surrounded by; in the middle of; amongst

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declaration

Back 37

a formal or explicit statement or announcement

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lucid

Back 38

expressed clearly; easy to understand

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fate

Back 39

chance

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suitable

Back 40

right or appropriate for a particular person, purpose, or situation

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intensifying

Back 41

become or make more intense

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grappling

Back 42

engage in a close fight or struggle without weapons; wrestle; to confront

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deteriorated

Back 43

become progressively worse

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paradoxical

Back 44

something with two meanings that don't make sense together; conflicting

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waiver

Back 45

voluntary relinquishment or surrender of some known right or privilege

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hastening

Back 46

accelerating, hurrying

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strenuously

Back 47

taxing to the utmost; testing powers of endurance; hard

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reluctantly

Back 48

with a certain degree of unwillingness

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discernment

Back 49

the ability to judge well

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intellectual

Back 50

a person possessing a highly developed intellect

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static

Back 51

lacking in movement, action, or change, especially in an undesirable or uninteresting way

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essential

Back 52

absolutely necessary; extremely important; crucial

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overlooked

Back 53

fail to notice

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process

Back 54

a series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end

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assumptions

Back 55

a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof; presumtion

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stifle

Back 56

make (someone) unable to breathe properly; suffocate;
restrain (a reaction) or stop oneself acting on (an emotion)

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interpreted

Back 57

explain the meaning of (information or actions); explained

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profit

Back 58

a financial gain, especially the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent in buying, operating, or producing something

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achieved

Back 59

accomplished

Front 60

Suppression

Back 60

the action of suppressing something such as an activity or publication

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communicate

Back 61

share or exchange information, news, or ideas

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proprietary

Back 62

relating to an owner or ownership

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trend

Back 63

a general direction in which something is developing or changing;
tendency

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familiar

Back 64

well known from long or close association

Front 65

to adhere (to)

Back 65

to comply

Front 66

to be party to (a treaty)

Back 66

to be a subject to a traty; to be a part of; be involved in

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Child offenders

Back 67

young person who has been convicted or cautioned for a criminal offense

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covenant

Back 68

an agreement; treaty

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to exempt someone from

Back 69

to free someone from a certain obligation

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to hold obligations

Back 70

to fullfil obligations

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inmates

Back 71

a person living in an institution such as a prison or hospital

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legislators

Back 72

a person who makes laws; a member of a legislative body; lawmaker

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to pass an amendment

Back 73

to approve an amendment

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rape

Back 74

physical act of having sexual intercourse with a person without their consent - this refers to both men and women

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reciprocal (agreements)

Back 75

(of an agreement or obligation) bearing on or binding each of two parties equally

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robbery

Back 76

term used to describe the theft of goods or property by force, or threat of force

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trial

Back 77

a formal examination of evidence by a judge, typically before a jury, in order to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings

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veto

Back 78

a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a lawmaking body

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to advocate

Back 79

publicly recommend or support

Front 80

blanket immunity

Back 80

total witness immunity

Front 81

Contingent

Back 81

subject to chance;
a group of people sharing a common feature, forming part of a larger group

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to enforce (a covenant)

Back 82

compel observance of or compliance with (a law, rule, or obligation);
to put into force

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to exhaust one's appeals

Back 83

to have no more rights to appeal

Front 84

impunity

Back 84

exemption from punishment or loss or escape from fines;
In the international law of human rights, it refers to the failure to bring perpetrators of human rights violations to justice and, as such, itself constitutes a denial of the victims' right to justice and redress

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jurisdiction (of the court)

Back 85

the official power to make legal decisions and judgements

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military

Back 86

the armed forces of a country

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to pledge

Back 87

a solemn promise or undertaking

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to ratify

Back 88

to express consent to be bound

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rehabilitation

Back 89

act of restoring something to its original state

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to serve (a sentence)

Back 90

to go through a period of time spending it in prison

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to undermine

Back 91

lessen the effectiveness, power, or ability of, especially gradually or insidiously;
sabotage

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to waive

Back 92

refrain from insisting on or using (a right or claim)

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to appeal (to a court)

Back 93

apply to a higher court for a reversal of the decision of a lower court

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broad scope of (persons)

Back 94

the extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant;
range

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core function

Back 95

main function

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to enhance

Back 96

to improve something

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genocide

Back 97

the deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular nation or ethnic group

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incarceration

Back 98

the state of being confined in prison; imprisonment

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juveniles

Back 99

a person below the age at which ordinary criminal prosecution is possible (18 in most countries)

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to nullify

Back 100

make legally null and void; invalidate

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prosecution

Back 101

the institution and conducting of legal proceedings against someone in respect of a criminal charge

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to receive a sentence

Back 102

getting penalty applied to a person or entity found guilty of a criminal act

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reparation

Back 103

the action of making amends for a wrong one has done, by providing payment or other assistance to those who have been wronged

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to surrender to something

Back 104

stop resisting to an enemy or opponent and submit to their authority

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vengeance

Back 105

punishment inflicted or retribution exacted for an injury or wrong

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war crimes

Back 106

an act carried out during the conduct of a war that violates accepted international rules of war